Hydraulic Structures: Tube Wells and Components

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of a tube well?

To create large storage reservoirs for rainwater

To exploit groundwater for supplementary irrigation (correct)

To allow water to flow freely without any mechanism

To convert groundwater into surface water directly

What role does the blind pipe play in a tube well?

It collects and distributes water to various fields

It serves as a filtration system for sand particles

It facilitates the upward movement of water from the aquifer (correct)

It prevents water from exiting the tube well

What is the function of a screen filter in a tube well?

To exclude coarse sand while allowing water entry (correct)

To prevent the suction pipe from collapsing

To improve the chemical quality of groundwater

To enhance the flow rate of water

When is a check valve used in a tube well system?

To prevent backflow when the pump is turned off Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pump is commonly used in shallow tube wells?

Centrifugal pump Signup and view all the answers

What does the gate valve allow in water conveyance systems?

Shutting off water for repairs as necessary Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary construction material for the blind pipe in a tube well?

PVC or mild iron Signup and view all the answers

What mechanical process does a pump perform in a tube well?

It converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula used to calculate discharge in the volumetric method?

$Q = \frac{V}{T}$ Signup and view all the answers

In the context of discharge measurement, what does the variable 'V' represent?

Volume of water collected in m³ Signup and view all the answers

To achieve an accurate discharge measurement using the volumetric method, what should be ensured regarding the volume of water collected?

It should be collected in a container with known volume. Signup and view all the answers

What is the average discharge of the tubewell based on the data provided?

13.1 lit/sec Signup and view all the answers

What instrument is used to measure the time taken to fill the container during discharge measurement?

Stop watch Signup and view all the answers

Given the formula $V = \frac{1}{4} d^2 h$, if the diameter 'd' is 58 cm and the height 'h' is 90 cm, what is the calculated volume 'V'?

0.25 m³ Signup and view all the answers

What does the variable 'T' represent in the discharge formula?

Time taken to fill the container Signup and view all the answers

In the discharge measurement process, the method used collects water from which of the following sources?

Tubewell Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the described procedure?

To determine the discharge of the tubewell using horizontal trajectory method Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is NOT mentioned for calculating discharge (Q)?

$Q = k imes D^2$ Signup and view all the answers

What parameters are measured from the jet to determine discharge?

Horizontal distance (x) and vertical distance (y) Signup and view all the answers

What happens during the measurement if the pipe is flowing fully?

Both horizontal and vertical distances are recorded Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct formula for discharge when using the horizontal trajectory method?

$Q = 0.0174D^2 imes rac{1}{ ext{ extsqrt{y}}}$ Signup and view all the answers

What must be determined before measuring the discharge of a tubewell?

Whether the pipe is flowing full or partially full Signup and view all the answers

What does the table in the procedure display?

The magnitude of horizontal and vertical coordinates along with discharge measurements Signup and view all the answers

What kind of diagram is outlined in the procedure?

A hand-drawn diagram depicting the trajectory method for a tubewell Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Job #01

Objective: Study various components of tube wells and allied hydraulic structures.
Theory: Tube wells are hydraulic structures below ground level for exploiting groundwater via pumping machinery. They include suction pipes (blind and filter foot valve), delivery pipes, engines, pumps, sumps, and discharge boxes. Field stations of the Department of Irrigation and Sindh Agriculture University (Tandojam) will be virtually visited.
Blind/Plane Pipe: Converts impervious layers, facilitates upward vertical water movement from aquifers via pumping. Made of mild iron or PVC.
Suction Well Pipe: Conducts water from underground reservoirs (aquifers) to the pump for lifting to the surface. Often called the tube well pipe.
Screen/Filter: Special pipe section with holes. Helps prevent coarse sand and particles from entering the well while allowing water to pass through.
Foot/Check Valve: Allows water flow in one direction. Prevents water loss from the suction pipe when the pump stops. Also known as foot valve.

Gate Valves

Various types: Used in water conveyance and distribution systems.
Purpose: Essential to shut off water flow during repairs.

Pumps

Mechanical devices: Lift water from aquifers to usable levels.
Conversion: Convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
Strong Vacuum: Create strong vacuum for effectively drawing water from deeper layers.
High Velocity: Transport water through pipes and delivery channels.
Pump types: In shallow tube wells, centrifugal pumps are common due to their cost effectiveness.

Engines/Motors

Energy source: Provide energy requirements for pumps (HP) and revolutions per minute (RPM) tailored to pumping needs.

Delivery/Discharge Pipe

Function: Carries pumped water either directly to the field or to a discharge box.
Elevated placement: Elevated 5-6 feet above ground for proper water flow.
Discharge Box: A hydraulic structure at ground level near the tube well for holding water and dispersing it into field or irrigation systems.

Pump/Engine House

Construction: Brick construction on the ground surface for protection and security of equipment in tubewells, and size is relevant to the system.
Size: 12ft x 10ft x 9ft for small operations, larger for greater space requirements.

Bends, Sockets and Flanges

Connection parts: Connect different components (e.g., pipes) in tube well systems
Connection function: Used in tubewell assemblies to connect various sections efficiently.

Job #02

Objective: To determine discharge values of tube wells using a horizontal trajectory method.
Needed Material: Tube well, angle iron, measuring scale.
Theory: Calculating Discharge: Discharge calculation involves measurements made in the pipe using vertical and horizontal factors and determined by the flow rate and pipe diameter.
Procedure(Full flow pipe): Measure horizontal(x) and vertical (y) positions taken across flow. Record the measurements. Determine the diameter of the pipe(D)
Procedure(Partially filled pipe): Follow same process as the full flow pipe but note the measurements taken at various points along the pipe.

Volumetric Method

Objective: Determine discharge via volumetric method.
Necessary material: A tubewell, drum, stopwatch ,scale.
Theory: Essential for water quality assessment for agricultural and domestic use.
Procedure:Collect the water, measure the time taken, and use relevant formulas to determine discharge given collected volumes over a specific time.

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Description

This quiz explores the components and functioning of tube wells, focusing on their role in groundwater extraction. Learn about essential parts like suction pipes, delivery pipes, and various valves while virtually visiting key irrigation field stations. Test your understanding of hydraulic structures that support agricultural practices.