JOB # 01 & 02 Tubewell Components PDF

## JOB # 01 ### Object: - To study the various components of tube well and allied hydraulic structure. ### Theory: - Tube well is a hydraulic structure constructed below the ground surface to tap a formation for exploitation use of groundwater by pumping machinery used for supplementary irrigation...

## JOB # 01 ### Object: - To study the various components of tube well and allied hydraulic structure. ### Theory: - Tube well is a hydraulic structure constructed below the ground surface to tap a formation for exploitation use of groundwater by pumping machinery used for supplementary irrigation supplies. - A tubewell includes suction pipe (blind and filter foot value, pumps delivery pipe; engine, sump and discharge box. - In this connection, some tubewell installed at the field station of Department of irrigation and chainage, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam will be visited online to witness / observe these components virtually. ### Blind / Plane Pipe: - It converts the impervious layer of the formation. - It is provided just after foot valve and serves as conveyance pipe to facilitate upward vertical movement of water from aquifer by pumping. - Made up of mild iron, PVC etc. ### Suction well pipe: - It is the water conductor pipe conveying water from underground reservoir (aquifers to the pump for lifting to ground surface. - It is also called tubewell pipe. ### Screen Filter: - It is a special section of pipe with holes on its periphery and is placed against water bearing formation to exclude coarse sand particles into well and allow the entry of water with the possible friction. ### Foot / Check valve: - Check valves permit water to flow in one direction only. - They are used in pump suction to stop loss of water from the line when the pump is stopped. - Also known as foot valve. - Check valve is installed at the inlet end of the suction pipe to retain water in the pump. ### Diagram - A hand-drawn diagram showcasing a tubewell, labeled "FILTER SCREEN". - The diagram shows a pipe with a screen filter, extending into the ground. - The ground is represented by a series of parallel lines resembling a brick wall. ### Gate valve: - Various types of valves are used in conveyance systems of water. - When repairs are needed in a distribution system, it is necessary that the water be shut off. ### Pump: - Mechanical device installed to lift the water from aquifer to be derived for use. - Pump converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. - When pump works it creates a strong vacuum head which draws water from various water bearing layers with a great velocity through filter / screen into tube well pipes and moves into delivery pipe. - In case of shallow tubewell centrifugal pump are commonly used because it's cheap and easy to maintain. ## Diagram - One hand-drawn diagram depicting a pump. - The diagram showcases a pump system with a motor, delivery pipe, pump, and suction intake. ### Engine / Motor: - Engine / electric motor impart energy requirement (HP) and revolution per minute (RPM) depending on pumping requirement. ## JOB # 02 ### Object: - To measure discharge of tube well by horizontal trajectory method. ### Material Needed: - Tube well, angle iron and scale etc. ### Theory: - When water flows from the end of horizontal pipe, velocity in the direction of pipe and vertical (y) coordinator of trajectory / jet at the same saluted points on the flowing falling nap of jet is measured from end of flowing pipe of tube well. - The discharging pipe of tubewell may be flowing full or partial full. - The mean velocity of jet the time It leaves the end of pipe can be determined by principle of mechanics of moving and falling bodies. - In both cases the flow condition, the discharge is calculated by given below: $Q = AxV$ $Q = d \times \frac{ln^2}{\sqrt2g}$ $Q = 0.0174D^2 \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}$ ### Diagram - One hand-drawn diagram depicting a tubewell with a horizontal trajectory method, labeled "Trajectory method for tubewell:". - The diagram shows a tube well, with water flowing through a pipe coming from the tubewell. - The pipe is angled up, and water is shown flowing horizontally out of the pipe and curving downward. - Letters represent measurements: x,y,z, and D. ### Procedure: - Switched on tubewell and allow the water to flow greatly and drop of flowing jet to be enough to allow precise measurement of coordinate of the jet. - **If pipe flowing fully:** - Measurement horizontal (x) and vertical distance (y) at fine points selected on jet and recorded in a table. - The diameter (D) of the flowing pipe is measured. - The condition is checked where in flow full or partially full. - **Table** - | Sr.No | Magnitude of horizontal coordinator / distance (x) cm | Magniltide of vertical coordinator / distance (y) cm | Discharge (Q) lit/sec | - |---|---|---|---| - | 1 | 3 | 36 | 1.40 | - | 2 | 4 | 38 | 1.82 | - | 3 | 5 | 40 | 2.22 | -| 4 | 6 | 44 | 2.54 | - | Average | | 30 | 1.99 | - **Diagram** - A hand-drawn diagram depicting an aerial view of a tubewell. - The diagram shows a tubewell with a pipe, along with an arrow representing the direction of water flow. - The diagram shows the water flow curving downwards horizontally. - The letters x and y are represented on both sides of the diagram. - The formula for the discharge calculation is included underneath the diagram. - $Q = 0.0174D^2 \times \frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}$ ### Object: - To measure discharge of tube well by volumetric method. ### Material Needed: - Tube well, drum, stop watch and scale etc. ### Theory: - Measurement of water obtained from different sources is essential to assess the quality of water entering the system whether used for agriculture and domestic purpose. - There are several methods of measurement for discharge from tubewell. Volumetric method is one of discharge measurement method. - This method is defined as an accurate one. - In this method, water is collected in a container of known volume in fine period and discharge is measured. $Q = \frac{V}{T}$ - **Where:** - Q = Discharge in (m³/sec) - V = Volume of water connected in (m³) - A = Cross section area in (m²) ### Diagram - A hand-drawn diagram of a tube well with water flowing into a bucket below. - The tube well has a hose extending from the top. - Water is shown flowing out of the hose into a bucket. - A clock is drawn in the top left corner of the diagram, representing a stop watch. ### Procedure: - Water is collected in container of known volume from flowing tubewell. - The time required to fill the container is noted. - The rate flow / discharge of flowing tubewell are calculated by the formula given in the paragraph - The procedure is repeated for five times and discharge is calculated for each time. - The average for above five discharge of the tubewell. ### Calculation: - **Data:** - d = 58 cm, h = 90 cm, T = 18 sec, V = ?? - **Solution:** - $V = \frac{1}{4} d^2h$ => $3.14 (58)^2x (90cm)$ ### Measurement of discharge of tubewell by volumetric method - | S/No | Volume of confine water collected (v) ml | Time taken's fill the confines (t) Second | Discharge (Q) m³/sec | Discharge (Q) lit / sec | - |---|---|---|---|---| - | 01 | 2.37 x 10⁵ | 19 sec | 0.0124 m³/sec | 12.4 | - | 02 | 2.37 x 10⁵ | 18 sec | 0.0131 | 13.1 | - | 03 | 2.37 x 10⁵ | 20 sec | 0.01185 | 11.85 | - $V = 2.37 x 10⁵ cm³$ - $Q = \frac{ 2.37 x 10⁵ }{ 18 }$ - 13166 cm³ x sec x 1 cm³ x lit - Now find the discharge - Q = 13.1 lit/sec => Q = V/T = 2.37 x 10⁵/19 = 12.4 - Similarly, - Q2 = 13.1 lit / sec and Q3 = 11.85 lit / sec. ### Result: - 1. The discharge of tubewell = 12.4 lit/sec. - 2. The discharge of tubewell = 13.1 lit/sec. - 3. The discharge of tubewell = 11.85 lit/sec.