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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for fused cells resulting from the fusion of lymphocytes and tumor cells?
Who discovered hybridoma technology in 1975?
What type of cell is used in step I for extracting B-lymphocytes?
What is added to a culture of myeloma cells in step II of monoclonal antibody production?
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What is the purpose of repeated injection of specific antigen (sheep RBCs) in step I?
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What is the main advantage of hybridoma technology?
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What is the next step after the fusion of B-cell and myeloma cell in hybridoma technology?
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Why can B-cells grow in HAT medium while myeloma cells cannot?
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What is the purpose of culturing hybridoma cells?
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Which culture medium is NOT commonly used for hybridoma cells in the production of monoclonal antibodies?
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What is the final step in the production of monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology?
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Why are vaccines produced in large scale?
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What is a challenge associated with large-scale production of vaccines?
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Which method is NOT used for extraction and purification of monoclonal antibodies?
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What is the primary role of HAT medium in hybridoma technology?
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Why are hybridoma cells injected into lab animals?
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What is the main purpose of sericulture?
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Which country is the world's leading producer of silk?
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What makes up approximately 80% of the silk fiber?
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What is the primary role of sericin in the silk fiber?
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What type of sericulture does the Eri, Muga, and Tasar silkworms contribute to?
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What supports the silk industry in India?
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What is the primary use of silk in the textile industry?
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What is the first step in the production of mulberry silk?
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How are mulberry plants primarily grown for silk production?
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What is the most common method for harvesting mulberry leaves for silkworm feed?
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What is done to maintain humidity during the silkworm rearing process?
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What happens to the silkworm larvae after reaching maturity?
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What is the final product obtained from the sericulture process?
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How are silk filaments extracted from the silkworm cocoons?
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Study Notes
Hybridoma Technology
- Hybridoma cells are fused cells resulting from the fusion of lymphocytes and tumor cells.
- Hybridoma technology was discovered by Kohler and Milstein in 1975.
- Spleen cells are used in step I for extracting B-lymphocytes.
- In step II, PEG (polyethylene glycol) is added to a culture of myeloma cells.
- Repeated injection of specific antigen (sheep RBCs) in step I is for immunization.
- The main advantage of hybridoma technology is the production of large quantities of monoclonal antibodies.
Hybridoma Cell Culture
- After fusion of B-cell and myeloma cell, the next step is to culture the hybridoma cells.
- B-cells can grow in HAT (Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine) medium while myeloma cells cannot due to a lack of HPRT (Hypoxanthine-guanine Phosphoribosyltransferase) and TK (Thymidine Kinase) enzymes.
- Hybridoma cells are cultured to produce monoclonal antibodies.
- RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) medium is commonly used for hybridoma cells in monoclonal antibody production.
Monoclonal Antibody Production
- The final step in the production of monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology is the purification of antibodies.
- Vaccines are produced in large scale to meet global demand.
- A challenge associated with large-scale production of vaccines is maintaining consistency and quality.
- Chromatography is a common method used for extraction and purification of monoclonal antibodies.
- Electrophoresis is not typically used for extraction and purification of monoclonal antibodies.
Sericulture
- HAT medium is used to select hybridoma cells that produce antibodies.
- Hybridoma cells are injected into lab animals to produce ascites fluid containing high concentrations of antibodies.
- The main purpose of sericulture is to produce silk.
- India is a significant producer of silk, but China is the world's leading producer.
- Sericin makes up approximately 20% of the silk fiber, while fibroin makes up approximately 80%.
- Sericin is a protein that holds the fibroin fibers together.
- Eri, Muga, and Tasar silkworms contribute to non-mulberry sericulture.
- The Government of India supports the silk industry through various initiatives.
- The primary use of silk in the textile industry is for making high-quality clothing.
Mulberry Silk Production
- The first step in the production of mulberry silk is the cultivation of mulberry plants for silkworm feed.
- Mulberry plants are primarily grown in well-irrigated areas.
- Mulberry leaves are harvested manually or mechanically for silkworm feed.
- Humidity is maintained during the silkworm rearing process to prevent dehydration.
- Silkworm larvae are allowed to spin cocoons after reaching maturity.
- The final product obtained from the sericulture process is silk fabric.
- Silk filaments are extracted from the silkworm cocoons through a process called reeling.
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Description
Test your knowledge of Hybridoma Technology with this quiz covering the well-established method of producing monoclonal antibodies specific to antigens of interest. Learn about the discovery of hybridoma technology and the process of creating antibody-producing hybridoma cells.
