Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the outcome when myeloma cells are exposed to aminopterin?
What is the outcome when myeloma cells are exposed to aminopterin?
- They undergo senescence
- They become resistant to antibiotics
- They proliferate rapidly
- They die (correct)
What is the purpose of using HAT medium in hybridoma technology?
What is the purpose of using HAT medium in hybridoma technology?
- To stimulate antibody production
- To promote cell fusion
- To select for hybridoma cells (correct)
- To inhibit myeloma cell growth
What is the source of plasma cells used in hybridoma technology?
What is the source of plasma cells used in hybridoma technology?
- Fibroblast
- Immunized animal (correct)
- Splenocyte
- Myeloma cell line
What is the purpose of priming an animal with IFA or pristane before immunization?
What is the purpose of priming an animal with IFA or pristane before immunization?
What is the advantage of using bioreactors for antibody production?
What is the advantage of using bioreactors for antibody production?
What is a characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?
What is a characteristic of monoclonal antibodies?
What is a disadvantage of monoclonal antibodies?
What is a disadvantage of monoclonal antibodies?
What is a use of monoclonal antibodies?
What is a use of monoclonal antibodies?
What is the name of the first approved monoclonal antibody?
What is the name of the first approved monoclonal antibody?
What is a type of bioreactor used for antibody production?
What is a type of bioreactor used for antibody production?
What is the main issue with the conventional method of producing antibodies?
What is the main issue with the conventional method of producing antibodies?
What is the term used to describe a population of cells derived from a single progenitor cell?
What is the term used to describe a population of cells derived from a single progenitor cell?
What is the name of the technology used to produce monoclonal antibodies?
What is the name of the technology used to produce monoclonal antibodies?
What is the term used to describe antibodies produced by a single type of immune cell?
What is the term used to describe antibodies produced by a single type of immune cell?
What is the main purpose of immunizing animals in the production of monoclonal antibodies?
What is the main purpose of immunizing animals in the production of monoclonal antibodies?
What is the process by which the adaptive immune system works?
What is the process by which the adaptive immune system works?
What is the role of myeloma cells in Hybridoma Technology?
What is the role of myeloma cells in Hybridoma Technology?
Why is the spleen used as a source of lymphocytes?
Why is the spleen used as a source of lymphocytes?
What are the antibodies produced by a single clone of B cell called?
What are the antibodies produced by a single clone of B cell called?
What is the problem with the conventional method of producing antibodies in terms of the amount of usable antibody?
What is the problem with the conventional method of producing antibodies in terms of the amount of usable antibody?
What is the result of fusing myeloma cells with splenic B cells?
What is the result of fusing myeloma cells with splenic B cells?
What is the term used to describe the antibodies produced in a living system that are a heterogeneous population originated from different types of B cells?
What is the term used to describe the antibodies produced in a living system that are a heterogeneous population originated from different types of B cells?
What is the limitation of using peripheral blood in monoclonal antibody production?
What is the limitation of using peripheral blood in monoclonal antibody production?
What is the general strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies?
What is the general strategy to generate monoclonal antibodies?
What is the characteristic of monoclonal antibodies produced by Hybridoma Technology?
What is the characteristic of monoclonal antibodies produced by Hybridoma Technology?
What is the result of polyclonal antibody production in vivo?
What is the result of polyclonal antibody production in vivo?
Study Notes
Monoclonal Antibodies
- Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are produced by a single clone of B cells against a single antigenic determinant or a hapten.
- mAbs are homogeneous antibody preparations produced in the laboratory, consisting of a single type of antigen-binding site.
Hybridoma Technology
- Hybridoma technology is a technique to generate a continuous supply of monoclonal antibodies.
- It involves the fusion of two cells: myeloma (plasma cell tumor) cells and splenic B cells.
- Hybridoma cells combine the unlimited growth capacity of myeloma cells with the antibody-producing capabilities of B cells.
Production of Monoclonal Antibodies
- Myeloma cells die in the presence of aminopterin, but can be rescued by the salvage pathway.
- The fusion of myeloma cells with spleen cells from an immunized animal produces hybridoma cells that secrete monoclonal antibodies.
- Large amounts of antibody can be produced using animals or bioreactors.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Monoclonal Antibodies
- Advantages: homogeneity, high specificity, target-oriented, small quantity of antigen required, consistent, limitless supply, and easily tested for cross-reactivity.
- Disadvantages: high specificity affects use as diagnostic when there are minor differences between strains, limited sensitivity, average affinity is lower than pAb, immune rejection, expensive, and time-consuming.
Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies
- Infectious diseases: OKT-3 (renal allotransplant rejection), Infliximab (rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis), Omalizumab (allergic asthma).
- Cancer therapy: Rituximab (B-cell lymphomas), Trastuzumab (breast cancer, HER2/neu receptor), Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (acute myelogenous leukemia).
- Metabolic disorders: targeting secreted fatty acid-binding protein aP2 (type 2 diabetes), Evolocumab and Alirocumab (LDL-C reduction).
- Biomedical research: ELISA, WB, and infectious disease treatment (Raxibazumab, Tocilizumab).
Clonal Selection Theory
- A clone is a population of cells derived from a single progenitor cell.
- The adaptive immune system works by clonal selection, where an antigen triggers the expansion of limited B-cell clones specific for that antigen.
- Antibodies produced by a single clone of B cells are called monoclonal antibodies.
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Description
Learn about the production and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies, and how they differ from polyclonal antibodies. Understand the concept of hybridoma technology and its significance in antibody production.
