Monoclonal Antibodies Obtained from a Hybridoma: Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is one way to optimize in vivo production of hybridomas?

Increasing the invasive nature of the cell line

Changing the injection site to tail vein instead of peritoneal cavity

Selecting appropriate clones (correct)

Using more mice for each production run

Why are in vitro methods preferred for large-scale production by the pharmaceutical industry?

Utilizing more mice for antibody production

Avoiding the need for submission of animal protocols

Requirement of more laboratory personnel experienced in animal handling

Ease of culture for production compared to animal use (correct)

What is a disadvantage of in vitro methods for hybridoma production?

No need for laboratory personnel experienced in animal handling

Use of human serum instead of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)

Loss of proper glycosylation that might make the antibody unsuitable for in vivo experiments (correct)

Hybridomas grow better in culture than in vivo

Why might some hybridomas not grow well in culture?

The absence of feeder cells from mice Signup and view all the answers

What impact does the loss of proper glycosylation of antibodies have on their use?

Accelerates clearance in vivo Signup and view all the answers

Why do in vitro methods require the use of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)?

To limit some antibody uses Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell culture systems allow only low-density cell culture?

Single-compartment systems Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves the fusion of myeloma cells with immune spleen cells in hybridoma technology?

Step 4: Fusion of Myeloma Cells with Immune Spleen Cells Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are used in the production of antibodies in hybridoma technology?

Myeloma cells Signup and view all the answers

In hybridoma technology, what type of cell line is capable of producing one type of antibody protein for a long period?

Immortal cell line Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer forms in a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell?

Myeloma Signup and view all the answers

Which step involves the preparation of myeloma cells in hybridoma technology?

Step 3: Preparation of Myeloma Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of polykaryocytes as mentioned in the text?

Multinucleated masses produced by the fusion of many cells Signup and view all the answers

How are fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) produced?

By replacing a segment of the murine antibody gene with a human-derived segment in a transgenic mouse Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of monoclonal antibodies mentioned in the text?

Treating diseases like malignancies Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the top three grossing antibodies used in oncology as per the text?

Adalimumab Signup and view all the answers

How did antibodies obtained from human placentas contribute to medical advancements in the late 1930s?

Preventing and treating measles Signup and view all the answers

Which process empowers the production of fully human monoclonal antibodies?

Hybridomas approach in a transgenic mouse Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

In Vivo Production

Optimal in vivo production requires reducing the invasive nature of a cell line to ensure all mice survive a production run
Selecting appropriate clones and altering hybridoma cell concentration injected into the peritoneal cavity of the mice can optimize production

Advantages of In Vitro Methods

Reduce the use of mice at the antibody-production stage
Preferred method for large-scale production in the pharmaceutical industry due to ease of culture and economic considerations
Avoids the need to submit animal protocols
Decreases the need for laboratory personnel experienced in animal handling

Disadvantages of In Vitro Methods

Some hybridomas do not grow well in culture or are lost in culture
Requires the use of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), limiting some antibody uses
Loss of proper glycosylation of the antibody, making it unsuitable for in vivo experiments due to increased immunogenicity, reduced binding affinity, changes in biologic functions, or accelerated clearance in vivo

Hybridoma Technology

Production of monoclonal antibodies involves in vivo or in vitro procedures or combinations thereof
Generation of mAb-producing cells requires the use of animals, usually mice
The procedure yields a cell line capable of producing one type of antibody protein for a long period

Steps in Producing Hybridoma Cells

Immunization of mice and selection of mouse donors
Screening of mice for antibody
Preparation of myeloma
Fusion of myeloma cells with immune spleen cells
Cloning of hybridoma cell lines

In Vitro Production Systems

Commercial in vitro systems can be split into two types: single-compartment and double-compartment systems
Double-compartment systems allow high-density cell culture, resulting in increased mAb concentration

Applications of Monoclonal Antibodies

Can be used to detect or purify substances
Effective in the treatment of diseases, such as malignancies
Examples of monoclonal antibodies used in oncology include bevacizumab, trastuzumab, and rituximab
Historical use in preventing or treating measles, mumps, poliomyelitis, hepatitis, and pertussis

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Description

Learn about the process of producing monoclonal antibodies using hybridoma technology, which involves generating hybrid cells capable of producing specific antibodies. This quiz outlines the steps involved in generating mAb-producing cells and the use of animals, usually mice, in the procedure.