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Questions and Answers
What is the physiologic function of humoral immunity?
What is the physiologic function of humoral immunity?
Which type of immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes?
Which type of immunity is mediated by T lymphocytes?
What types of microorganisms are combated by humoral immunity?
What types of microorganisms are combated by humoral immunity?
Defects in antibody production can result in increased susceptibility to infection with which types of microbes?
Defects in antibody production can result in increased susceptibility to infection with which types of microbes?
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Apart from their protective roles, how can antibodies be harmful?
Apart from their protective roles, how can antibodies be harmful?
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Which form of adaptive immunity can be transferred from immunized to naive individuals with serum that contains antibodies?
Which form of adaptive immunity can be transferred from immunized to naive individuals with serum that contains antibodies?
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What are the main functions of antibodies?
What are the main functions of antibodies?
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Where are antibodies produced in mucosal organs such as the intestine and the airways?
Where are antibodies produced in mucosal organs such as the intestine and the airways?
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Which two enzymes can be used to identify the different functional parts of antibodies?
Which two enzymes can be used to identify the different functional parts of antibodies?
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What does the term 'affinity' refer to in the context of immunoglobulins?
What does the term 'affinity' refer to in the context of immunoglobulins?
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Which cells differentiate in germinal centers of lymph nodes by isotype switching into plasma cells that secrete IgA, IgG, or IgE?
Which cells differentiate in germinal centers of lymph nodes by isotype switching into plasma cells that secrete IgA, IgG, or IgE?
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What instructs the B lymphocyte to undergo isotype switching, changing the heavy-chain constant domains to classes of antibodies with new and different effector functions?
What instructs the B lymphocyte to undergo isotype switching, changing the heavy-chain constant domains to classes of antibodies with new and different effector functions?
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What happens to the excised DNA during isotype switching in B lymphocytes?
What happens to the excised DNA during isotype switching in B lymphocytes?
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Why is IgM the principal immunoglobulin of the primary immune response?
Why is IgM the principal immunoglobulin of the primary immune response?
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When are IgM antibodies occasionally produced during secondary and later immunologic responses?
When are IgM antibodies occasionally produced during secondary and later immunologic responses?
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What does idiotype refer to in the context of antibody molecules?
What does idiotype refer to in the context of antibody molecules?
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Study Notes
Humoral Immunity
- Physiologic function of humoral immunity is to combat extracellular microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi, through the production of antibodies.
Cell-Mediated Immunity
- T lymphocytes mediate cell-mediated immunity.
Microorganisms and Humoral Immunity
- Humoral immunity combats extracellular microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Defects in Antibody Production
- Defects in antibody production can result in increased susceptibility to infection with extracellular microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Harmful Effects of Antibodies
- Apart from their protective roles, antibodies can be harmful by causing autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions, and serum sickness.
Adaptive Immunity Transfer
- Passive adaptive immunity can be transferred from immunized to naive individuals with serum that contains antibodies.
Functions of Antibodies
- Main functions of antibodies are to neutralize toxins, agonize pathogens, and mark pathogens for destruction.
Antibody Production in Mucosal Organs
- Antibodies are produced in mucosal organs such as the intestine and the airways by plasma cells in the mucosal lymphoid tissues.
Identification of Antibody Parts
- Two enzymes, papain and pepsin, can be used to identify the different functional parts of antibodies.
Affinity of Immunoglobulins
- The term 'affinity' refers to the strength of binding between an immunoglobulin and an antigen.
Isotype Switching
- B lymphocytes differentiate in germinal centers of lymph nodes by isotype switching into plasma cells that secrete IgA, IgG, or IgE.
Isotype Switching Instruction
- Cytokines instruct the B lymphocyte to undergo isotype switching, changing the heavy-chain constant domains to classes of antibodies with new and different effector functions.
Isotype Switching Process
- During isotype switching in B lymphocytes, the excised DNA is circularized and deleted.
Primary Immune Response
- IgM is the principal immunoglobulin of the primary immune response because it is the first antibody produced in response to an initial infection.
Secondary Immune Response
- IgM antibodies are occasionally produced during secondary and later immunologic responses, especially when there is a large amount of antigen present.
Idiotype
- Idiotype refers to the unique antigenic determinants present on the variable regions of an antibody molecule.
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Description
Test your knowledge on humoral immunity, including primary and secondary immune responses, antibodies, and class switching. Learn about the physiologic function of humoral immunity in defense against extracellular microbes and microbial toxins.
