Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of immunity relies on the administration of antibodies and does not trigger the recipient's immune response?
Which type of immunity relies on the administration of antibodies and does not trigger the recipient's immune response?
What type of cells recognize reduced MHC 1 and kill the cell, particularly targeting cancer cells and virus-infected cells?
What type of cells recognize reduced MHC 1 and kill the cell, particularly targeting cancer cells and virus-infected cells?
Which T lymphocytes stimulate B cells to proliferate into plasma cells producing antibodies?
Which T lymphocytes stimulate B cells to proliferate into plasma cells producing antibodies?
In the context of vaccination, what does passive immunity rely on?
In the context of vaccination, what does passive immunity rely on?
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Which type of immunity involves the recipient mounting its response, producing antibodies and memory against specific antigens?
Which type of immunity involves the recipient mounting its response, producing antibodies and memory against specific antigens?
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Which immunization practice involves inserting powder from crusts of smallpox lesions into the skin?
Which immunization practice involves inserting powder from crusts of smallpox lesions into the skin?
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What is the main function of humoral immunity?
What is the main function of humoral immunity?
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Which type of immune response is responsible for acting against cancer?
Which type of immune response is responsible for acting against cancer?
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Which group of proteins do antibodies belong to?
Which group of proteins do antibodies belong to?
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What is the term for the specific region on antigens where antibodies bind?
What is the term for the specific region on antigens where antibodies bind?
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How do antibodies recognize foreign invaders?
How do antibodies recognize foreign invaders?
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Which component of the immune system is responsible for directly killing infected cells?
Which component of the immune system is responsible for directly killing infected cells?
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Which immune cells are responsible for producing antibodies against self antigens in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
Which immune cells are responsible for producing antibodies against self antigens in Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
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How do cytotoxic T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 1 Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
How do cytotoxic T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of Type 1 Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus?
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Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent disease spread in a community?
Which of the following is NOT a way to prevent disease spread in a community?
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How does the lymphatic system contribute to host defenses against pathogens?
How does the lymphatic system contribute to host defenses against pathogens?
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What is a primary function of immunization in disease prevention?
What is a primary function of immunization in disease prevention?
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Why is early detection and isolation important in preventing disease transmission among a community?
Why is early detection and isolation important in preventing disease transmission among a community?
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Study Notes
Immune Response
- There are two types of immune responses: Humoral Immunity and Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI)
- Humoral Immunity is effective against extracellular antigens, while CMI is effective against intracellular infections, viruses, mycobacteria, and cancer cells
Cell Mediated Immunity (CMI)
- CMI involves two populations of T cells: Cytotoxic T cells (TC) and Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
- Cytotoxic T cells (TC) recognize and destroy infected cells by releasing toxic molecules and initiating apoptosis
- Natural Killer cells (NK cells) recognize reduced MHC 1 and kill infected cells or cancer cells
Cytotoxic T cells (TC)
- Each TC is specific for one receptor and has a wide range of surface receptors against antigens (T cell receptors, TCR)
- TC binds to infected cells expressing the specific antigen and destroys them
Natural Killer cells (NK cells)
- NK cells recognize reduced MHC 1 and kill infected cells or cancer cells
- NK cells kill by Antibody Dependant Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) or by detecting lack of MHC 1
Regulation of Immune Response
- The activation of B and T cells is regulated by T lymphocytes (T cells)
- T helper cells (TH) stimulate B cells to proliferate and produce antibodies
- T regulator cells (TReg) inhibit TH and stop antibody production
Vaccination
- Vaccination has been practiced in different forms for hundreds of years
- Examples include variolation, Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccine, and modern vaccines
Passive vs Active Immunity
- Passive immunity involves administration of antibodies and provides short-term protection
- Active immunity involves administration of antigens and provides long-term protection and immune memory
Autoimmune Disease
- Autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system attacks self
- Examples include Humoral Immunity and Cell Mediated Immunity
Humoral Immunity
- Antibody-mediated immunity produced by B lymphocytes
- Antibodies recognize and attach to antigens on foreign invaders
- Antibodies are specialized proteins that belong to the Immunoglobulin group of proteins
Antigens
- Antigens stimulate the generation of antibodies
- Antigens have specific regions called epitopes or antigenic determinants where antibodies bind
Complement Activation Pathway
- Antibodies can activate the complement system at the surface of bacteria
Disease Types
- Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) is an autoimmune disease that destroys β-cells in the pancreas
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Description
Explore the differences between humoral immunity, which involves antibodies produced by B lymphocytes to combat external threats, and cell-mediated immunity, which utilizes lymphocytes to target internal threats such as infected cells and cancer. Learn about the roles of antibodies and cytotoxic T cells in the immune response.
