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Questions and Answers
Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by activating osteoclasts?
Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by activating osteoclasts?
What do cartilage and epithelium have in common?
What do cartilage and epithelium have in common?
What is one thing that all connective tissues have in common?
What is one thing that all connective tissues have in common?
What can be found inside intercalated discs?
What can be found inside intercalated discs?
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The superficial layer of the dermis is called the ________ layer.
The superficial layer of the dermis is called the ________ layer.
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Apocrine gland secretions differ from eccrine gland secretions in that they have _______.
Apocrine gland secretions differ from eccrine gland secretions in that they have _______.
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What is another name for a Merkel Cell?
What is another name for a Merkel Cell?
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Which of the following is NOT a region of the hair shaft?
Which of the following is NOT a region of the hair shaft?
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Mitosis occurs primarily in which layer of the epidermis?
Mitosis occurs primarily in which layer of the epidermis?
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The functional unit of compact bone, composed of concentric rings of bone matrix, is called a(n) _______.
The functional unit of compact bone, composed of concentric rings of bone matrix, is called a(n) _______.
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Which gland produces calcitonin?
Which gland produces calcitonin?
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Which bone cell type is involved in bone resorption?
Which bone cell type is involved in bone resorption?
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What does the term Diploë reference?
What does the term Diploë reference?
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What is one of the primary functions of transitional epithelium found in the urinary system?
What is one of the primary functions of transitional epithelium found in the urinary system?
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Which term refers to groups of cells that are similar in structure and work towards a common function?
Which term refers to groups of cells that are similar in structure and work towards a common function?
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What cell type is interspersed among columnar epithelial cells in the digestive tract?
What cell type is interspersed among columnar epithelial cells in the digestive tract?
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What type of cartilage is found in the outer ear?
What type of cartilage is found in the outer ear?
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Which description accurately defines smooth muscle cells?
Which description accurately defines smooth muscle cells?
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Intercalated discs are specifically found in which type of muscle?
Intercalated discs are specifically found in which type of muscle?
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Which of these fibers are most abundant in connective tissue, providing high tensile strength?
Which of these fibers are most abundant in connective tissue, providing high tensile strength?
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What is the inner lining of blood vessels called?
What is the inner lining of blood vessels called?
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Study Notes
Transitional Epithelium
- Found in parts of the urinary system and has the function of stretching to accommodate changes in the volume of urine.
Tissues
- An aggregation of cells which have a similar structure and function, working together to perform a common task.
Goblet Cells
- Scattered among columnar epithelial cells of the digestive tract, producing and secreting mucus.
Elastic Cartilage
- Type of cartilage found in the outer ear.
Smooth Muscle Cells
- Fusiform shaped cells, containing a single nucleus and are characterized by involuntary control.
Intercalated Discs
- Found within cardiac muscle, containing gap junctions and desmosomes which facilitate communication and coordination between muscle cells.
Apical Layer
- The free surface of an epithelial tissue is called the apical layer.
Collagen Fibers
- The most abundant fibers in connective tissue, possessing high tensile strength.
Striations
- Visible in cardiac and skeletal muscles due to the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments.
Endothelium
- The inner lining of blood vessels.
Hyaline Cartilage
- Differs from other types of cartilage by lacking visible fibers.
Smooth Muscle Tissue
- Found in the walls of the urinary bladder.
Stratum Basale
- The deepest layer of the epidermis, receiving the least amount of oxygen from dermal capillaries due to its location.
Calcium
- Vitamin D, produced by the skin, is essential for the absorption of calcium from our diets.
Apocrine and Eccrine Sweat Glands
- Apocrine glands are activated at puberty and produce sweat with a higher fat and protein content than eccrine glands.
Merkel Cells
- Also known as tactile cells, specialized sensory cells in the epidermis that sense touch.
Hair Bulb
- The region of hair shaft responsible for hair growth.
Stratum Basale
- The location of the majority of mitotic activity in the epidermis.
Osteon
- The functional unit of compact bone, containing concentric rings of bone matrix called lamellae.
Thyroid Gland
- Produces calcitonin, a hormone responsible for regulating blood calcium levels.
Spine
- A sharp, slender, often pointed projection on a bone.
Zone of Hypertrophy
- The area of cartilage in epiphyseal plates where chondrocytes grow in size rather than number.
Osteoclasts
- Bone cells responsible for bone resorption, breaking down bone tissue.
Wolff's Law
- States that the shape and thickness of bone is adapted to the stresses placed upon it.
Low Blood Calcium Levels
- This triggers the secretion of parathyroid hormone, which increases blood calcium levels.
Greenstick Fracture
- An incomplete fracture of a bone, common in children.
Bone Resorption
- The process of breaking down bone tissue, involving osteoclasts.
Sharpey's Fibers
- Secure the periosteum to the underlying bone.
Diploë
- The internal layer of spongy bone that lies between two layers of compact bone.
Parathyroid Hormone
- Increases blood calcium levels by activating osteoclasts.
Avascular
- Both cartilage and epithelium lack blood vessels.
Mesenchyme
- All connective tissues originate from mesenchyme.
Gap Junctions and Desmosomes
- Found within intercalated disks of cardiac muscle.
Papillary Layer
- The superficial layer of the dermis.
Basement Membrane
- The glassy membrane of the hair follicle, a thickened basement membrane anchoring the follicle.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- Found in the reticular layer of the dermis, providing strength and support.
Osteogenic Cells
- Found in the periosteum, responsible for the formation of new bone tissue.
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Description
Test your knowledge on various types of human tissues and cells, including their structures and functions. This quiz covers topics from transitional epithelium to cardiac muscle cells, along with connective tissues like collagen fibers. Perfect for biology students exploring human anatomy.
