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Questions and Answers
What is a key goal of human resource management according to the content?
What is a key goal of human resource management according to the content?
Which component of HRM is responsible for defining the direction of HR activities?
Which component of HRM is responsible for defining the direction of HR activities?
How do environmental factors influence organizations?
How do environmental factors influence organizations?
What is crucial for ensuring that an organization has suitable employees?
What is crucial for ensuring that an organization has suitable employees?
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What does HR policy provide in the context of human resource management?
What does HR policy provide in the context of human resource management?
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What is meant by swarm intelligence in the context of collective behavior?
What is meant by swarm intelligence in the context of collective behavior?
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Which theory of leadership focuses on the qualities leaders possess?
Which theory of leadership focuses on the qualities leaders possess?
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What is the primary focus of behavioural theories of leadership?
What is the primary focus of behavioural theories of leadership?
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What was significant about the first Conductorless Symphony Ensemble, Persimfans?
What was significant about the first Conductorless Symphony Ensemble, Persimfans?
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Which of the following best represents contingency theories of leadership?
Which of the following best represents contingency theories of leadership?
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Which leadership style is best suited for a situation that requires compliance during a crisis?
Which leadership style is best suited for a situation that requires compliance during a crisis?
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What is the primary focus of the democratic leadership style?
What is the primary focus of the democratic leadership style?
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In which circumstance would an authoritative leadership style be most effectively used?
In which circumstance would an authoritative leadership style be most effectively used?
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Which leadership style aims to heal team conflicts and motivate individuals under stress?
Which leadership style aims to heal team conflicts and motivate individuals under stress?
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What is the primary objective of a coaching leadership style?
What is the primary objective of a coaching leadership style?
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Which factor is NOT identified as influencing employee retention?
Which factor is NOT identified as influencing employee retention?
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What is a key impact of losing key employees on a business?
What is a key impact of losing key employees on a business?
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Which of the following should be a basis for retention strategies?
Which of the following should be a basis for retention strategies?
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Among the listed factors, which one contributes to a positive employee experience?
Among the listed factors, which one contributes to a positive employee experience?
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What factor can significantly affect an employee's decision to stay at a company?
What factor can significantly affect an employee's decision to stay at a company?
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What is intrinsic motivation primarily driven by?
What is intrinsic motivation primarily driven by?
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How can extrinsic motivation affect intrinsic motivation?
How can extrinsic motivation affect intrinsic motivation?
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Which statement best describes extrinsic motivation?
Which statement best describes extrinsic motivation?
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What can lead to crowding-out effects in motivation?
What can lead to crowding-out effects in motivation?
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Which of the following is an example of extrinsically motivated behavior?
Which of the following is an example of extrinsically motivated behavior?
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What is a potential consequence of relying too heavily on extrinsic motivation?
What is a potential consequence of relying too heavily on extrinsic motivation?
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Which factor is mentioned as potentially undermining intrinsic motivation?
Which factor is mentioned as potentially undermining intrinsic motivation?
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Which of the following best characterizes a situation of intrinsic motivation?
Which of the following best characterizes a situation of intrinsic motivation?
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What is one of the environmental drivers of convergence?
What is one of the environmental drivers of convergence?
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Which of the following describes a strategic driver of convergence?
Which of the following describes a strategic driver of convergence?
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What role do external stakeholders play in human resource management?
What role do external stakeholders play in human resource management?
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Which factor is considered a structural driver of convergence?
Which factor is considered a structural driver of convergence?
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What concept focuses on the attraction of talent in human resource management?
What concept focuses on the attraction of talent in human resource management?
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Which of these factors is critical during the exit process in human resources?
Which of these factors is critical during the exit process in human resources?
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Which category does 'retaining and caring for employees' fall under in human resource management?
Which category does 'retaining and caring for employees' fall under in human resource management?
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What is a key advantage of global branding?
What is a key advantage of global branding?
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What is considered a method to unlock employee potentials?
What is considered a method to unlock employee potentials?
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Which external factor can influence human resource management significantly?
Which external factor can influence human resource management significantly?
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Which aspect is not a focus during the onboarding process?
Which aspect is not a focus during the onboarding process?
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Which concept does NOT contribute to employee motivation?
Which concept does NOT contribute to employee motivation?
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What is a significant challenge associated with convergence?
What is a significant challenge associated with convergence?
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Study Notes
Session 1 and Fundamentals
- The session covered a Bachelor of Science in International Business Administration module on Human Resources.
- The lecturer was Dr. Andreas Jäger Fontana.
- Contact information for the lecturer was provided: +41 79 383 73 41 and [email protected].
Learning Objectives
- Modules covered the meaning, issues, goals and impact of HRM.
- Concepts of people management were discussed and the strategic nature of HRM was highlighted.
- The key contextual factors affecting HRM practices were analyzed.
- The additional complexity in an international setting was addressed.
Learning Path
- The learning path steps included HRM Fundamentals, The Context, The Concept of strategy, International Dimension, and Unfolding the map.
Fundamentals
- HRM, a controversial term, is concerned with the behaviour of people in organizations.
- The term "human resources" reduces people to the same value category as materials or money and technology.
- The new philosophy of "people management" advocates that attention should be given to the interests of employees.
- Employment policies should be socially legitimate and benefit all parties.
Goals and Impact
- HRM aims to develop and implement human resource strategies aligned with business strategies.
- HRM promotes social legitimacy by adopting an ethical approach.
- A positive employee experience is essential.
Components
- HR strategies define the direction for HRM actions.
- HR policies provide guidelines for implementation.
- HR practices manage the employment relationship.
The Context
- Internal environment consists of social systems, technical systems, the sector, size, complexity, technology, culture, and financial circumstances.
- External environment involves national and international competition, deregulation of markets, globalization, economic and social trends, developments in technology, government interventions (legislation and regulations).
Trends
- Gig economy; short-term contracts or freelance work, rather than permanent employment.
- Zero-hours contracts; no minimum set contracted hours.
- Artificial intelligence and automation; integration and co-operation, more value-added, and higher-skilled tasks.
- Demographics; increasing proportion of women, greater ethnic diversity, more educated employees, and an aging population.
- Attitudes to work; some people see work as a means to an end while others see work as a source of fulfillment.
The Concept of Strategy
- A strategy is an approach to achieve aims in the future.
- A business model is defined and developed to achieve specified aims.
- Three characteristics of strategy:
- Forward looking, a declaration of intent and direction.
- Acknowledges organisational potential to deliver results, or a resource-based view.
- Strategic fit, between overall business strategy and functional strategies within a specific context.
Strategic HRM
- The stakeholders who have legitimate interest in the organization; shareholders, owners, management, employees, suppliers, customers, and general public.
- Understanding people issues and dealing with them strategically.
The International Dimension
- International HRM (IHRM) is the process of managing people across international boundaries for MNCs.
- IHRM requires understanding factors affecting employees across different environments.
Contextual Factors
- Cultural differences are important but institutional factors (role of the state, employment law, and national systems) are also significant.
- Cultural variations in values, beliefs, and behavioral patterns affect people within an organization.
The Challenge
- Determining the extent to which HR policies and practices should be standardised or have local variations.
- Standardization or convergence refers to the adoption of parent company policies by subsidiaries.
- Localization or divergence means subsidiaries operating their own policies and acting like local firms.
Drivers of Convergence
- Environmental: removal of trade barriers, deregulation of markets, emergence of global customers, and web-based technologies.
- Strategic: global branding and standardization, quicker response to competition through resource redeployment.
- Structural: global integration, despite potential inhibition from national structures.
Up and Downsides of Convergence
- Upsides: Promoting common values, delivering consistent treatment across the organisation, using consistent practice, and giving greater control over dispersed operations.
- Downsides: Stifling innovation, the centre losing touch, and ill-conceived policies possibly being subverted at the local level.
Unfolding the Map
- A visual representation of the various factors involved in human resource management (HRM).
Session 2 and learning objectives
- Session 2 covered Organizational Behavior and Motivation for students in an International Business Administration program.
Learning path
- Step 1 (Organizational Behavior) - Human Nature
- Step 2 (Organizational Behavior) - Factors Affecting how Organizations Function
- Step 3 (Motivation, Commitment and Engagement) - Factors Affecting the Behavior of People in Organizations.
- Step 4 (Motivation, Commitment and Engagement) - Motivation, Commitment and Engagement.
Session 3 and learning objectives
- Session 3 centered on attraction, recruiting, and selection for strategic resourcing.
- Objectives focused on understanding strategic resourcing elements and applying them in practice.
Session 4 and learning objectives
- Session 4 covered managing employment relations, including psychological contracts, onboarding, retention, and separation.
- Objectives focused on understanding core employment relationship management elements.
Session 5 and learning objectives
- Session 5 was about unlocking potential through leadership.
- Objectives focused on understanding leadership concepts, theories, and their application.
Session 7 and learning objectives
- Session 7 focused on unlocking potential through performance management and learning & development.
- Learning objectives included understanding performance elements and issues, re-thinking performance management, and understanding L&D philosophies.
Session 8 and learning objectives
- Session 8 focused on rewarding people.
- Learning objectives focused on reward management, concept and relevance.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in Human Resource Management, including HR policies, leadership theories, and the impact of environmental factors on organizations. This quiz will cover various leadership styles and their effectiveness in different scenarios.
