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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate number of follicles present in a female ovary at birth?
What is the approximate number of follicles present in a female ovary at birth?
What is contained within each follicle in a female ovary at birth?
What is contained within each follicle in a female ovary at birth?
What type of cell is contained within each follicle?
What type of cell is contained within each follicle?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding female ovaries?
Which of the following is NOT true regarding female ovaries?
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Which of the following best describes the role of the ovaries in human reproduction?
Which of the following best describes the role of the ovaries in human reproduction?
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What is the primary function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the fallopian tubes in the female reproductive system?
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Which hormone is responsible for the development of the corpus luteum after ovulation?
Which hormone is responsible for the development of the corpus luteum after ovulation?
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What is the primary function of the endometrium in the female reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the endometrium in the female reproductive system?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for the thickening of the endometrium during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for the thickening of the endometrium during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
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What is the role of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?
What is the role of the seminal vesicles in the male reproductive system?
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What is the name of the hormone that is produced by the developing embryo and can be detected in a blood test 11 days after conception?
What is the name of the hormone that is produced by the developing embryo and can be detected in a blood test 11 days after conception?
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What is the primary function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
What is the primary function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?
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In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization typically occur?
In which part of the female reproductive system does fertilization typically occur?
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When does the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle begin?
When does the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle begin?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of testosterone in the male body?
Which of the following is NOT a function of testosterone in the male body?
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What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
What is the purpose of the scrotum in the male reproductive system?
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When does the menstrual cycle begin?
When does the menstrual cycle begin?
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What happens to the corpus luteum if the egg is not fertilized?
What happens to the corpus luteum if the egg is not fertilized?
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What is the name of the stage of development between a fertilized ovum and a fetus?
What is the name of the stage of development between a fertilized ovum and a fetus?
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What is the primary function of the placenta?
What is the primary function of the placenta?
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Which hormone is primarily responsible for preparing the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg?
Which hormone is primarily responsible for preparing the uterine lining for implantation of a fertilized egg?
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What is the primary role of the placenta during pregnancy?
What is the primary role of the placenta during pregnancy?
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Which hormone helps in maintaining pregnancy alongside progesterone?
Which hormone helps in maintaining pregnancy alongside progesterone?
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What is a possible consequence of having a two vessel umbilical cord?
What is a possible consequence of having a two vessel umbilical cord?
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Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of a multiple pregnancy?
Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of a multiple pregnancy?
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What defines monozygotic twins?
What defines monozygotic twins?
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How do teratogens affect fetal development?
How do teratogens affect fetal development?
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What is a key reason for verifying the date of the woman's last menstrual period during pregnancy?
What is a key reason for verifying the date of the woman's last menstrual period during pregnancy?
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Which of the following hormones stimulates breast development for breastfeeding?
Which of the following hormones stimulates breast development for breastfeeding?
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Flashcards
Ovaries
Ovaries
Female reproductive organs that produce eggs.
Follicles
Follicles
Structures in the ovaries that contain immature eggs.
Number of Ovaries
Number of Ovaries
There are two ovaries in the female body.
At Birth
At Birth
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Eggs
Eggs
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Placenta
Placenta
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Progesterone
Progesterone
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Estrogen
Estrogen
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hCG
hCG
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Umbilical Cord
Umbilical Cord
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Monozygotic Twins
Monozygotic Twins
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Teratogens
Teratogens
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First Trimester Vulnerability
First Trimester Vulnerability
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Fallopian Tubes
Fallopian Tubes
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Uterus
Uterus
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Vagina
Vagina
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Female Reproductive Cycle
Female Reproductive Cycle
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FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
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LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
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Corpus Luteum
Corpus Luteum
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Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
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Fertilization
Fertilization
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Zygote
Zygote
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hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
hCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
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Blastocyst
Blastocyst
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Study Notes
Human Reproduction and Fetal Development
- This presentation covers human reproduction and fetal development.
- The presenter, Annie Nelson, is a BSN RNC-MNN and part of NUR 105 S25 at North Country Community College.
Female Anatomy
- Ovaries (x2): Thousands of follicles present at birth.
- Each follicle contains an egg.
- Follicles secrete estrogen.
- Hormone disorders are often associated with infertility.
Internal Organs
- Ovaries: Small almond-shaped glands located on either side of the uterus, storing half a million eggs and producing estrogen and progesterone.
- Fallopian Tubes: Channels that transport sperm to the egg and the fertilized egg to the uterus.
- Uterus: Triangle-shaped organ that supports fetal growth. The fundus is the upper portion, and the cervix is the lower section. The vagina is the external outlet.
- Vagina: Four to six-inch elastic muscular tube from the cervix to the external opening. This has two main functions for sexual intercourse and childbirth.
- The internal organs include the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Menstrual Cycle
- The cycle begins and ends with the first day of menstruation.
- The cycle includes follicular phase, ovulation, and luteal phase.
- Hormones involved include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estrogen, and progesterone.
Follicular Phase
- Pituitary glands secrete FSH to stimulate follicle development in the ovary.
- The maturing egg follicle releases estrogen.
- Estrogen causes the pituitary gland to stop releasing FSH and release LH.
Luteal Phase
- LH peaks around day 14, causing ovulation.
- The ruptured follicle becomes the corpus luteum, producing progesterone.
- If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, decreasing progesterone and estrogen levels.
Male Reproductive System
- External Organs: Scrotum (holds testicles and epididymis), and penis (for sexual climax and ejaculation).
- Internal Organs: Testicles (produce testosterone, develop male characteristics, and create spermatozoa), epididymis (facilitates sperm motility), vas deferens (transport sperm), prostate gland (provides additional fluid for sperm), seminal vesicles (create fluid for sperm energy), ejaculatory ducts (formed from the union of vas deferens and seminal vesicles), and urethra (carries urine and semen).
Fertilization
- Fertilization occurs when the sperm and egg unite in the outer portion of the fallopian tube.
- One sperm penetrates the egg's outer layer.
- The zygote travels down the fallopian tube and implants in the uterine wall.
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced to support embryonic development.
- Levels of hCG can be detected by blood tests 11 days after conception or in urine tests within 12-14 days of conception.
Fertilization Stages
- Embryo: Stage between fertilized ovum and fetus.
- Blastocyst: Maturing embryo where some cell differentiation occurs. Implantation occurs 7-10 days post-fertilization.
Journey of an Egg
- Sequence of events, starting with the egg leaving the ovary, fertilization in the fallopian tube, cell division, and attachment to the uterus.
Placenta
- The placenta is an organ that forms at the implantation site.
- Provides oxygen and nutrients to the fetus.
- Connects with the mother's blood vessels.
- Produces progesterone to support the uterine lining, estrogen for breast development during breastfeeding, and hCG for early pregnancy.
- Contains human placental lactogen, which increases maternal metabolism during pregnancy.
- Relaxin causes relaxation of pelvic ligaments and maintains pregnancy.
Multiple Pregnancy
- Multiple pregnancy occurs when a woman has two or more embryos.
- Identical twins: Develop from the same egg.
- Fraternal twins: Develop from two different eggs.
- Contributing factors include age over 35, African American descent, family history of twins, and prior fertility treatments and prior twin births.
Teratogens
- Substances, including medications, that can cause birth defects to a developing fetus.
- Susceptibility of the fetus depends on the critical developmental stage.
- Important to limit medication use during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester.
Fetal Development
- First Trimester (weeks 1-12): Critical developmental phase for major organ and structure formation.
- Second Trimester (weeks 13-28): Organ and structure development, and increased awareness of the growing fetus.
- Third Trimester (weeks 29-40): Fetus gains weight, matures, and prepares for birth.
Umbilical Cord
- Contains two arteries and one vein.
- Placental flow, and IUGR can lead to two vessel cords, which is a sign of concern.
- Umbilical cord has Wharton's jelly (connective tissue).
Fetal Heart Development
- Presents diagram of fetal heart structure and associated blood vessels such as the aorta, inferior/superior vena cava, umbilical veins and arteries.
- Shows how the heart functions during fetal development.
Important Note
- The provided information is intended as study notes and does not substitute professional medical advice for pregnancy concerns. Consult with a healthcare provider for any health questions, including but not limited to, concerns during pregnancy.
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Description
Explore the intricacies of human reproduction and fetal development in this comprehensive quiz. Covering essential female anatomy and the role of internal organs, this quiz is designed for students in NUR 105 S25 at North Country Community College. Test your knowledge on the reproductive system and its functions.
