Human Physiology Quiz: Respiratory System

Questions and Answers

How does positive-pressure ventilation affect cardiac output?

It increases intrathoracic pressure, which decreases venous return to the heart and causes a decrease in cardiac output.

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?

Bronchus (correct)

Nasal cavity

Larynx

Pharynx

Each cell of the body combines nutrients and oxygen and produces energy and waste products through a process called:

metabolism.

The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the blood of the capillaries is called:

external respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the MOST reliable indicator of adequately performed bag-mask ventilations in an apneic adult with a pulse?

Adequate rise of the chest when squeezing the bag Signup and view all the answers

Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.

True Signup and view all the answers

Hypoxia is MOST accurately defined as:

inadequate oxygen to the tissues and cells. Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if you have inserted an oral airway and the patient begins regurgitating large amounts of vomit?

Roll her onto her side and remove the oral airway. Signup and view all the answers

What must the EMT do for a semiconscious patient with vomitus on his face and slow, shallow respirations?

Perform oropharyngeal suctioning. Signup and view all the answers

Tidal volume is defined as the volume of air that:

moves into or out of the lungs in a single breath. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary waste product of aerobic metabolism?

carbon dioxide. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following patients would MOST likely require insertion of an oropharyngeal airway?

A 40-year-old unconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations Signup and view all the answers

Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT:

Epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

The nasopharyngeal airway is MOST beneficial because it:

can maintain a patent airway in a semiconscious patient with a gag reflex. Signup and view all the answers

Prior to applying a nonrebreathing mask on a patient, you must ensure that the:

reservoir bag is fully inflated. Signup and view all the answers

An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:

500 psi. Signup and view all the answers

CPAP is indicated for patients who:

have pulmonary edema and can follow verbal commands. Signup and view all the answers

How does CPAP improve oxygenation and ventilation in patients with certain respiratory problems?

It forces the alveoli open and pushes more oxygen across the alveolar membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST appropriate treatment for an adult conscious and alert patient with a foreign body airway obstruction who is coughing forcefully?

Encouraging him to cough and transporting. Signup and view all the answers

What is the MOST serious complication associated with using a nasopharyngeal airway in a patient with trauma to the head or face?

Penetrating the cranium. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Positive-Pressure Ventilation

Increases intrathoracic pressure, leading to decreased venous return to the heart.
Results in a reduction of cardiac output.

Upper Airway Structures

The bronchus is NOT a component of the upper airway.

Metabolism

The process by which cells utilize nutrients and oxygen to produce energy and waste products.

External Respiration

Involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and capillary blood.

Bag-Mask Ventilations

The most reliable indicator of proper bag-mask ventilation is the adequate rise of the chest upon squeezing the bag.

Gas Exchange in the Lungs

Normal gas exchange occurs as oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across alveolar and capillary walls.

Hypoxia

Defined as insufficient oxygen supply to tissues and cells.

Managing Regurgitation During Ventilation

If a patient begins to vomit during ventilation, roll them onto their side and remove the oral airway.

Oropharyngeal Suctioning

Essential for a semiconscious patient with slow, shallow respirations and vomitus present.

Tidal Volume

Refers to the volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a single breath.

Aerobic Metabolism Waste Product

Carbon dioxide is the primary waste produced during aerobic metabolism.

Oropharyngeal Airway Usage

Indicated for unconscious patients with slow, shallow respirations.

Lower Airway Components

The epiglottis is NOT part of the lower airway.

Nasopharyngeal Airway Benefits

Effectively maintains a patent airway in semiconscious patients who have a gag reflex.

Nonrebreathing Mask Preparation

Ensure the reservoir bag is fully inflated before application on a patient.

Oxygen Cylinder Refilling

A cylinder should be refilled when the pressure drops below 500 psi.

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)

Indicated for patients with pulmonary edema who can follow verbal commands.

CPAP Functionality

Improves oxygenation and ventilation by forcing open the alveoli and enhancing oxygen transfer across the alveolar membrane.

Foreign Body Airway Obstruction

In a conscious patient who is coughing forcefully, the best approach is to encourage coughing and ensure safe transport.

Nasopharyngeal Airway Complications

The most serious risk with its use in trauma cases to the head or face is the potential to penetrate the cranium.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the key concepts of the human respiratory system, including positive-pressure ventilation, gas exchange, and the structures involved. This quiz will cover essential topics such as metabolism, hypoxia, and effective bag-mask ventilation techniques.