Physiology - Week 6 - The Cardiovascular System
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of one-way valves in the circulatory system?

  • To allow blood to flow freely in both directions
  • To prevent backflow of blood (correct)
  • To enhance nutrient absorption
  • To increase blood pressure
  • Which mechanism allows lipid-soluble molecules to traverse capillary membranes?

  • Facilitated diffusion
  • Endocytosis
  • Active transport
  • Diffusion (correct)
  • Which type of capillary is characterized as the least permeable and most common?

  • Transport capillary
  • Sinusoidal capillary
  • Fenestrated capillary
  • Continuous capillary (correct)
  • What process is responsible for the exchange of small water-soluble solutes in capillaries?

    <p>Diffusion through intercellular clefts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological mechanism enhances venous return by constricting smooth muscle?

    <p>Sympathetic venoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to larger molecules such as proteins during capillary exchange?

    <p>They are actively transported.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism predominantly contributes to nutrient and gas exchange in capillaries?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of pressure dynamics, which factor primarily affects the direction of fluid movement across capillary walls?

    <p>Hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the T wave in an ECG?

    <p>It indicates ventricular repolarization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation correctly expresses cardiac output?

    <p>CO = HR x SV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of coronary arteries?

    <p>Supply blood to the myocardium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the role of veins in the circulatory system?

    <p>They contain valves to prevent backflow of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of artery serves as a pressure reservoir?

    <p>Elastic arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood do veins carry in systemic circulation?

    <p>Oxygen-poor blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes venules in the venous system?

    <p>Very porous with varying sizes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism is primarily responsible for capillary exchange?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest artery in the body is known as the:

    <p>Aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes arterioles?

    <p>They determine blood flow into capillary beds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the myocardium in the heart?

    <p>To contract and pump blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chambers of the heart pump deoxygenated blood?

    <p>Right atrium and right ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure separates the two ventricles of the heart?

    <p>Interventricular septum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pericardial fluid?

    <p>To lubricate surfaces and allow free movement of the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the heart wall is the outermost layer that contains coronary arteries?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lymphatic system in relation to capillary function?

    <p>To collect leaked fluid and proteins from interstitial tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of capillary is characterized by large fenestrations allowing increased permeability?

    <p>Fenestrated capillary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hydrostatic pressure have in capillaries at the arterial end?

    <p>It results in a net outflow of fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of sinusoid capillaries?

    <p>They allow blood cells to pass through their walls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What regulates the osmotic pressure in capillaries?

    <p>The concentration gradient of solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a primary function of blood?

    <p>Storage of calcium and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During diastole, what happens to the pressure in the aorta?

    <p>It is at its lowest level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can excessive cholesterol buildup in the arteries lead to?

    <p>Symptoms related to arteriosclerosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens at the venous end of capillaries?

    <p>Fluid net inflow occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component primarily constitutes the liquid portion of blood?

    <p>Plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function do the heart valves serve in the cardiovascular system?

    <p>They prevent backflow of blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Sinoatrial (SA) Node in the heart?

    <p>It initiates the heartbeat as the pacemaker.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are intercalated discs in cardiac muscle cells responsible for?

    <p>Allowing rapid transmission of electrical signals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which valve is also known as the tricuspid valve?

    <p>Right atrioventricular valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heart sound corresponds to the closure of the atrioventricular valves?

    <p>Lub</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of blood vessels are responsible for gas exchange in tissues?

    <p>Capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables them to maintain synchronous contraction?

    <p>Gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the heart's conduction system?

    <p>Mitral Valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bundle of His in the cardiac conduction system?

    <p>To connect the atria to the ventricles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cardiac muscle cells have a high percentage of mitochondria?

    <p>To provide resistance to fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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