Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following statements about body fluid composition is correct?
Which of the following statements about body fluid composition is correct?
- The extracellular fluid (ECF) makes up about 60% of total body fluid
- The interstitial fluid is the most abundant component of the extracellular fluid (ECF) (correct)
- The intracellular fluid (ICF) makes up about 80% of total body fluid
- The total body water in an average 70-kg adult man is about 50% of the body weight
What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺–K⁺ ATPases) in maintaining the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺?
What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺–K⁺ ATPases) in maintaining the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺?
- They help maintain a higher concentration of Na⁺ inside the cells and a higher concentration of K⁺ outside the cells
- They have no role in maintaining the concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺
- They help maintain a higher concentration of K⁺ inside the cells and a higher concentration of Na⁺ outside the cells (correct)
- They maintain equal concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺ inside and outside the cells
What determines the water content in the human body?
What determines the water content in the human body?
- Body weight only
- Age, gender, and adipose tissue (correct)
- Age and gender only
- Adipose tissue only
In which body fluid is the most abundant cation Na⁺ found?
In which body fluid is the most abundant cation Na⁺ found?
What is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF)?
What is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF)?
What makes up about 20% of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
What makes up about 20% of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
What is the primary difference between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?
What is the primary difference between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?
What is the main responsibility of plasma proteins in the body?
What is the main responsibility of plasma proteins in the body?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin which in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin which in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Which type of committed stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
Which type of committed stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
What is the key function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
What is the key function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
Which protein is specifically involved in the body's defense mechanism?
Which protein is specifically involved in the body's defense mechanism?
What is the average blood volume of adults as a percentage of body weight?
What is the average blood volume of adults as a percentage of body weight?
What happens to the hematocrit in a pregnant woman due to the expansion of plasma volume?
What happens to the hematocrit in a pregnant woman due to the expansion of plasma volume?
What is responsible for pulling fluid into capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pulling fluid into capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
Which cells produce plasma proteins except for antibodies?
Which cells produce plasma proteins except for antibodies?
What is the main function of the erythrocytes described in the text?
What is the main function of the erythrocytes described in the text?
Which structural feature enables red blood cells to deform and squeeze through capillaries?
Which structural feature enables red blood cells to deform and squeeze through capillaries?
What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?
What is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?
What happens to the red blood cells when they become fragile?
What happens to the red blood cells when they become fragile?
How does the body remove the breakdown product urobilin from the body?
How does the body remove the breakdown product urobilin from the body?
What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
What is the role of macrophages in the breakdown of red blood cells?
What is the role of macrophages in the breakdown of red blood cells?
What does the HbA1C test measure?
What does the HbA1C test measure?
Which feature differentiates hemoglobin A from other types of hemoglobin?
Which feature differentiates hemoglobin A from other types of hemoglobin?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What is the primary role of the sodium–potassium pumps (Na+–K+ ATPases) mentioned in the text?
What is the primary role of the sodium–potassium pumps (Na+–K+ ATPases) mentioned in the text?
Which type of body fluid consists of about 80% interstitial fluid and 20% blood plasma?
Which type of body fluid consists of about 80% interstitial fluid and 20% blood plasma?
What is the average total body water in a 70-kg adult man, according to the information provided?
What is the average total body water in a 70-kg adult man, according to the information provided?
In which body fluid is the most abundant cation Na⁺ found?
In which body fluid is the most abundant cation Na⁺ found?
What determines the water content in the human body, according to the information presented?
What determines the water content in the human body, according to the information presented?
What is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF), as per the information provided?
What is the most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF), as per the information provided?
What is the primary difference between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?
What is the primary difference between blood plasma and interstitial fluid?
What is the key function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
What is the key function of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin that in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin that in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What determines the water content in the human body?
What determines the water content in the human body?
What happens to the red blood cells when they become fragile?
What happens to the red blood cells when they become fragile?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
What is responsible for pulling fluid into capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pulling fluid into capillaries during blood circulation?
What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺–K⁺ ATPases) in maintaining the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺?
What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺–K⁺ ATPases) in maintaining the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺?
What does the HbA1C test measure?
What does the HbA1C test measure?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What is specifically involved in the body's defense mechanism?
What is specifically involved in the body's defense mechanism?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?
Which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?
What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the main function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What determines the water content in the human body?
What determines the water content in the human body?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
What makes up about 20% of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
What makes up about 20% of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Which type of committed stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
Which type of committed stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
What hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin which in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin which in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What happens to the hematocrit in a pregnant woman due to the expansion of plasma volume?
What happens to the hematocrit in a pregnant woman due to the expansion of plasma volume?
In extracellular fluid, the most abundant cation is K+.
In extracellular fluid, the most abundant cation is K+.
The total body water in an average 70-kg adult man is about 60% of the body weight.
The total body water in an average 70-kg adult man is about 60% of the body weight.
The most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF) is proteins.
The most abundant anion in intracellular fluid (ICF) is proteins.
By actively transporting Na+ out of cells and K+ into cells, sodium–potassium pumps play a minor role in maintaining the high intracellular concentration of K+ and high extracellular concentration of Na+.
By actively transporting Na+ out of cells and K+ into cells, sodium–potassium pumps play a minor role in maintaining the high intracellular concentration of K+ and high extracellular concentration of Na+.
About 80% of the extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of blood plasma.
About 80% of the extracellular fluid (ECF) consists of blood plasma.
Water content in the human body does not depend on age, gender, or the amount of adipose tissue present in the body.
Water content in the human body does not depend on age, gender, or the amount of adipose tissue present in the body.
Blood plasma contains many protein anions, unlike interstitial fluid.
Blood plasma contains many protein anions, unlike interstitial fluid.
The normal capillary membranes are highly permeable to proteins.
The normal capillary membranes are highly permeable to proteins.
The blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely determined by the protein concentration in interstitial fluid.
The blood colloid osmotic pressure is largely determined by the protein concentration in interstitial fluid.
The average blood volume of adults is about 5 liters, which is approximately 10% of body weight.
The average blood volume of adults is about 5 liters, which is approximately 10% of body weight.
Red bone marrow is the primary site of hemopoiesis only in early fetal life.
Red bone marrow is the primary site of hemopoiesis only in early fetal life.
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are only found in the liver and spleen of a fetus.
Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells are only found in the liver and spleen of a fetus.
Red blood cells contain a nucleus and other organelles.
Red blood cells contain a nucleus and other organelles.
Erythrocytes help with CO2 transport by converting it to O2.
Erythrocytes help with CO2 transport by converting it to O2.
The biconcave shape of red blood cells reduces their surface area for diffusion of O2.
The biconcave shape of red blood cells reduces their surface area for diffusion of O2.
Hematocrit measures the fraction of blood composed of white blood cells.
Hematocrit measures the fraction of blood composed of white blood cells.
Plasma proteins are synthesized by lymphocytes and not by the liver.
Plasma proteins are synthesized by lymphocytes and not by the liver.
Capillary membranes are permeable to many plasma proteins, allowing them to easily leak into interstitial fluid.
Capillary membranes are permeable to many plasma proteins, allowing them to easily leak into interstitial fluid.
Red blood cells can travel through the narrow, tortuous capillaries without rupturing because of their rigidity.
Red blood cells can travel through the narrow, tortuous capillaries without rupturing because of their rigidity.
Hemoglobin in the red blood cells is responsible for most of the acid-base buffering power of whole blood.
Hemoglobin in the red blood cells is responsible for most of the acid-base buffering power of whole blood.
Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-.
Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-.
The most common form of hemoglobin in the adult human, hemoglobin A, is a combination of two alpha chains and two delta chains.
The most common form of hemoglobin in the adult human, hemoglobin A, is a combination of two alpha chains and two delta chains.
Reticulocytes leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream after forming minute quantities of hemoglobin for another day or so.
Reticulocytes leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream after forming minute quantities of hemoglobin for another day or so.
Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 240 days.
Red blood cells have a lifespan of approximately 240 days.
The HbA1C test measures the average blood glucose level over the past month.
The HbA1C test measures the average blood glucose level over the past month.
Iron ion can combine reversibly with one oxygen molecule.
Iron ion can combine reversibly with one oxygen molecule.
The breakdown product urobilin is removed from the body by secretion through the liver into the bile.
The breakdown product urobilin is removed from the body by secretion through the liver into the bile.
Reticulocyte count decreases in normocytic anemia.
Reticulocyte count decreases in normocytic anemia.
Erythropoiesis starts in red bone marrow with proerythroblast, which then develops into mature RBC within 1-2 weeks.
Erythropoiesis starts in red bone marrow with proerythroblast, which then develops into mature RBC within 1-2 weeks.
The thinness of the cell enables O2 to diffuse slowly between the exterior and innermost regions of the cell.
The thinness of the cell enables O2 to diffuse slowly between the exterior and innermost regions of the cell.
What is the approximate total body water in an average 70-kg adult man?
What is the approximate total body water in an average 70-kg adult man?
What makes up about 20% of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
What makes up about 20% of the extracellular fluid (ECF)?
Which enzyme plays a major role in maintaining the high intracellular concentration of K+ and high extracellular concentration of Na+?
Which enzyme plays a major role in maintaining the high intracellular concentration of K+ and high extracellular concentration of Na+?
What determines the water content in the human body?
What determines the water content in the human body?
Which type of committed stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
Which type of committed stem cells give rise to red blood cells, platelets, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils?
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase-induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase-induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
What is the primary role of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
What is the primary role of erythrocytes (red blood cells)?
What is responsible for pulling fluid into capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pulling fluid into capillaries during blood circulation?
In which body fluid is the most abundant cation Na⁺ found?
In which body fluid is the most abundant cation Na⁺ found?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin which in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin which in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What does the HbA1C test measure?
What does the HbA1C test measure?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
'The breakdown product urobilin is removed from the body by secretion through the liver into the bile.' indicates that urobilin is eventually removed from the body through:
'The breakdown product urobilin is removed from the body by secretion through the liver into the bile.' indicates that urobilin is eventually removed from the body through:
'The biconcave shape of red blood cells reduces their surface area for diffusion of O2.' This statement is:
'The biconcave shape of red blood cells reduces their surface area for diffusion of O2.' This statement is:
What determines the water content in the human body?
What determines the water content in the human body?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What happens to reticulocytes as they leave the bone marrow and pass into the bloodstream?
What is the primary function of plasma proteins in the body?
What is the primary function of plasma proteins in the body?
What is the main responsibility of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the body?
What is the main responsibility of erythrocytes (red blood cells) in the body?
What is the most abundant cation found in blood plasma?
What is the most abundant cation found in blood plasma?
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin that in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
Which hormone stimulates the synthesis of erythropoietin that in turn stimulates the production of red blood cells?
What enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?
What enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the reaction between carbon dioxide and water in red blood cells?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
Where does hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells) primarily occur after birth and throughout life?
What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺–K⁺ ATPases) in maintaining the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺?
What is the role of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺–K⁺ ATPases) in maintaining the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of Na⁺ and K⁺?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
What is responsible for pushing fluid out of capillaries during blood circulation?
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
'Erythrocytes contribute to CO2 transport in two ways—by means of its carriage on hemoglobin and its carbonic anhydrase–induced conversion to HCO3-' indicates that erythrocytes help in:
