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Questions and Answers
Which fluid compartment contains 20% of body weight?
Which fluid compartment contains 20% of body weight?
- Plasma
- Extracellular fluid (correct)
- Intracellular fluid
- None of the above
The main intracellular electrolyte is __________.
The main intracellular electrolyte is __________.
- Sodium
- Potassium (correct)
- Both sodium and chloride
- Chloride
Which group of individuals has the highest body water percentage?
Which group of individuals has the highest body water percentage?
- Young male adults
- Teenagers
- Infants (correct)
- Young female adults
A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would cause water to __________.
A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would cause water to __________.
What is the primary role of electrolytes in the body?
What is the primary role of electrolytes in the body?
Which electrolyte is predominantly found in extracellular fluid?
Which electrolyte is predominantly found in extracellular fluid?
How much of the human body weight typically consists of water?
How much of the human body weight typically consists of water?
In adults, what percentage of body fluid is intracellular?
In adults, what percentage of body fluid is intracellular?
A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would cause water to __________.
A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would cause water to __________.
Which area of the brain plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance?
Which area of the brain plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance?
Which of the following is a stimulus for thirst?
Which of the following is a stimulus for thirst?
Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?
Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?
All the following trigger ADH release EXCEPT __________.
All the following trigger ADH release EXCEPT __________.
“Electrolyte balance” usually refers to the balance of __________.
“Electrolyte balance” usually refers to the balance of __________.
Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?
Which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption?
What physiological response occurs when osmoreceptors detect high osmolarity?
What physiological response occurs when osmoreceptors detect high osmolarity?
Aldosterone targets which part of the nephron?
Aldosterone targets which part of the nephron?
ANP promotes which of the following?
ANP promotes which of the following?
Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A normal arterial pH is __________.
A normal arterial pH is __________.
What effect does high plasma volume have on thirst?
What effect does high plasma volume have on thirst?
The most important buffer in our plasma is __________.
The most important buffer in our plasma is __________.
What is the primary effect of aldosterone in the nephron?
What is the primary effect of aldosterone in the nephron?
Which of the following ions plays a critical role in acid-base balance?
Which of the following ions plays a critical role in acid-base balance?
What is the most significant buffer in our plasma?
What is the most significant buffer in our plasma?
Which ion is primarily reabsorbed when hydrogen ions are secreted?
Which ion is primarily reabsorbed when hydrogen ions are secreted?
Hypoproteinemia can lead to which condition?
Hypoproteinemia can lead to which condition?
Which condition is indicated by a pH greater than 7.45, PCO2 of 40 mmHg, and HCO3 considered normal?
Which condition is indicated by a pH greater than 7.45, PCO2 of 40 mmHg, and HCO3 considered normal?
What is the physiological consequence of hyperventilation?
What is the physiological consequence of hyperventilation?
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with chronic hypoproteinemia?
Which of the following conditions is most commonly associated with chronic hypoproteinemia?
A pH < 7.35 can indicate which type of acid-base disorder?
A pH < 7.35 can indicate which type of acid-base disorder?
What happens to bicarbonate levels in the blood during metabolic acidosis?
What happens to bicarbonate levels in the blood during metabolic acidosis?
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Study Notes
Body Fluids
- The body is composed of two main fluid compartments: the intracellular fluid (ICF) and the extracellular fluid (ECF).
- The ICF represents approximately 60% of the total body water, while the ECF represents about 40% of total body water.
- The ECF is further divided into the interstitial fluid (ISF) which accounts for approximately 80% and the plasma which accounts for approximately 20% of total body water.
- The main intracellular electrolyte is potassium.
- Infants have the highest percentage of water in their body mass composition.
- A decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid would cause water to move into the cells.
Water Balance
- The hypothalamus plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance.
- Increased ECF osmolarity is a stimulus for thirst.
- Fever, burns, and vomiting trigger ADH release.
- Oedema does not trigger ADH release.
- Sodium ions play the biggest role in water reabsorption.
Electrolyte Balance
- Electrolyte balance refers to the balance of salts in the body.
- Aldosterone targets the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
- ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) promotes sodium excretion.
Acid-Base Balance
- A normal arterial pH is 7.4.
- The most important buffer in our plasma is bicarbonate.
- When hydrogen ions are secreted, sodium is primarily reabsorbed.
Potluck
- Hypoproteinaemia can lead to oedema.
- pH > 7.45, PCO2 = 40 mmHg and HCO3_ means metabolic alkalosis.
- Hyperventilation leads to respiratory alkalosis.
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