Human Physiology and Food Energy
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Questions and Answers

How long does it take for energy balance related to caloric consumption to appear based on habitual caloric intake?

  • 5 to 7 weeks prior
  • 1 to 3 weeks prior (correct)
  • 2 to 4 weeks prior
  • 4 to 6 weeks prior

What happens when there are sudden dietary and activity changes in relation to adiposity stores?

  • Gradual reduction in adiposity stores
  • Immediate increase in adiposity stores
  • Immediate reduction in adiposity stores
  • No immediate effect on adiposity stores (correct)

What is the result of physiological systems being exposed to dramatically reduced caloric consumption?

  • Increase energy expenditure and reduce fat storage
  • Break down muscle tissue and prioritize fat storage (correct)
  • Enhance muscle mass and reduce fat storage
  • Reduce muscle tissue and enhance fat storage

How long does it take for energy balance related to physical activity to exhibit a time-lagged effect based on habitual physical activity behaviors?

<p>2 to 8 weeks prior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when an individual becomes trapped and is unable to secure a source of food?

<p>Calories consumed go to zero (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common observation related to failures in the implementation of the energy balance framework?

<p>Too large of an energy imbalance was created (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the metabolic rate if an individual does not exert physical activity when attempting to free themselves?

<p>It will continue churning through stored energy sources until death. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is muscle breakdown advantageous during times of starvation?

<p>It results in metabolic slowing, preserving fat stores. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the body allocate energy when in a state of starvation?

<p>Preferentially towards fat storage. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some challenges associated with maintaining energy balance according to the text?

<p>Physiological systems being hard-wired for survival. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on early research findings, when are survival mechanisms like metabolic slowing brought online?

<p>When calories consumed fall below 1.2× basal metabolic rate. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one protective mechanism mentioned in the text related to additional fat stores?

<p>Energy buffer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a food calorie in scientific terms?

<p>A kilocalorie (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is caloric content of food measured using a calorimeter?

<p>By measuring the change in temperature in the water surrounding the food container after ignition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What unit reflects the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by one degree Celsius?

<p>Kilocalorie (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system uses established energetic values for energy-containing nutrients rather than direct calorimetric measurements?

<p>The Atwater indirect system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is typically used for a kilocalorie within the U.S.?

<p>'Calorie' (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a known quantity of food tested for its caloric content using a calorimeter?

<p>By burning it in an oxygen-rich container and measuring the temperature change in the surrounding water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the impact of inaccurate reporting of caloric intake on energy balance?

<p>Energy balance starts to suffer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does muscle mass change affect metabolic rate?

<p>Muscle mass decrease leads to increased metabolic rate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an issue if an individual uses an inaccurate metabolic rate estimate formula?

<p>Poor fit for the individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do smartphone and smartwatch technologies contribute to estimating physical activity-related energy expenditure?

<p>Increase accuracy compared to self-reporting practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if energy balance approaches do not regularly revise metabolic contributions?

<p>They suffer in their predictive capacity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does inaccurate identification of activities by smartphones or smartwatches affect caloric expenditure reports?

<p>Results in misreporting of caloric expenditure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Atwater indirect system of food labeling?

<p>To assign a caloric value to food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to how close measurements of the same item are to each other?

<p>Precision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge with caloric reporting of dietary practices?

<p>Obtaining accurate numbers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is there considerable variation in the caloric content of food, especially in less processed items?

<p>Error in food composition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the energy balance equation require in order to work properly?

<p>Accurate numbers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Atwater indirect system help assign caloric values to food?

<p>By knowing the mass and composition of food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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