Food and human
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why children require the greatest amount of energy per unit body mass?

  • Because they need more protein to build and repair muscles
  • Because they have a larger body size
  • Because they have a higher rate of heat loss
  • Because they need to maintain a higher metabolic rate to support growth (correct)

Why do men require more energy than women?

  • Because they need more iron for the formation of haemoglobin
  • Because they have a larger body size and are more muscular (correct)
  • Because they have a higher rate of growth
  • Because they have a higher rate of heat gain

What nutrient is essential for building and repairing muscles?

  • Protein (correct)
  • Iron
  • Calcium
  • Vitamin D

Why do pregnant women require more energy and protein?

<p>Because they need to support the growth of the foetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the iron requirement of non-pregnant women?

<p>They require more iron than men (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why children and teenagers need larger amounts of calcium?

<p>To build body tissues, such as muscles, bones, teeth, and blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why children need a higher metabolic rate?

<p>To compensate for the higher rate of growth and energy loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do men require more protein than women?

<p>Because they are more muscular and need to build and repair muscles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of iron in the body?

<p>To produce new red blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do pregnant women require more energy and protein than non-pregnant women?

<p>Because they need to support the growth of the fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do women require more iron than men?

<p>Because they lose iron periodically during menstruation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why children and teenagers need larger amounts of protein?

<p>To build and repair muscles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient is crucial for hormone and enzyme production in the body?

<p>Proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What deficiency symptom is associated with Vitamin D?

<p>Rickets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following minerals is primarily involved in muscle function and bone health?

<p>Calcium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Deficiency of which vitamin is most likely to cause dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia?

<p>Vitamin B3 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mineral deficiency can lead to symptoms such as hair loss and growth retardation?

<p>Zinc (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with increased bleeding tendency and weakened bones?

<p>Vitamin K (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are common symptoms of magnesium deficiency?

<p>Irregular heartbeat and mental disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nutrient provides the most concentrated source of energy?

<p>Fats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Carbohydrate function

Provides energy for brain and physical activity.

Protein function

Builds and repairs tissues, creates hormones and enzymes.

Fat function

Concentrated energy source, absorbs fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamin function

Regulates body processes, supports skin, vision and nerves.

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Minerals function

Supports bones, fluids, and muscle function; enz. function.

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Water function

Essential for hydration, temperature control, and reactions.

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Vitamin A deficiency

Night blindness, dry skin, immune problems.

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Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency

Causes beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.

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Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency

Causes pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia).

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Vitamin C deficiency

Causes scurvy (bleeding gums, fatigue, joint pain).

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Vitamin D deficiency

Causes rickets (children) and osteomalacia (adults).

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Vitamin E deficiency

Causes neuromuscular problems and weakened immunity.

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Vitamin K deficiency

Increases bleeding, weakens bones.

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Calcium deficiency

Causes osteoporosis, rickets, muscle spasms.

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Iron deficiency

Causes anemia, fatigue, weakness, and impaired immunity.

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Zinc deficiency

Causes growth problems, hair loss and delayed wound healing.

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Magnesium deficiency

Causes muscle cramps, mental disorders, and heart irregularities.

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Iodine deficiency

Causes goiter, hypothyroidism, and cognitive issues.

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Potassium deficiency

Causes muscle weakness, cramps, and heart rhythm problems.

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Sodium deficiency (hyponatremia)

Causes headache, confusion, seizures.

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Study Notes

Nutritional Functions

  • Carbohydrates provide energy (4 kcal/g) and support brain function and physical activity.
  • Proteins are crucial for growth, tissue repair, and maintenance. They offer amino acids for hormone and enzyme production (4 kcal/g).
  • Fats serve as a concentrated energy source (9 kcal/g), aiding in fat-soluble vitamin absorption (A, D, E, K) while contributing to cell structure and hormone synthesis.
  • Vitamins regulate various bodily processes, including metabolism and immune function. They ensure healthy skin, vision, and neurological function.
  • Minerals support bone health, fluid balance, and muscle function. They participate in enzyme reactions and neurotransmission.
  • Water is vital for hydration, regulating temperature, and facilitating biochemical reactions.

Vitamin Deficiencies

  • Vitamin A deficiency leads to night blindness, dry skin, and immune dysfunction.
  • Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency can cause beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
  • Niacin (Vitamin B3) deficiency manifests as pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia.
  • Scurvy, caused by Vitamin C deficiency, is marked by bleeding gums, fatigue, and joint pain.
  • Vitamin D deficiency results in rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults.
  • Vitamin E deficiency can lead to neuromuscular problems and weakened immune function.
  • Vitamin K deficiency increases bleeding tendency and weakens bones.

Mineral Deficiencies

  • Calcium deficiency contributes to osteoporosis, rickets, and muscle spasms.
  • Iron deficiency causes anemia, fatigue, weakness, and impaired immunity.
  • Zinc deficiency can result in growth retardation, hair loss, and delayed wound healing.
  • Magnesium deficiency leads to muscle cramps, mental disorders, and irregular heartbeat.
  • Iodine deficiency manifests as goiter, hypothyroidism, and cognitive impairments.
  • Potassium deficiency causes muscle weakness, cramps, and irregular heart rhythms.
  • Sodium deficiency, known as hyponatremia, can cause headache, confusion, and seizures.

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Compare the energy, protein, iron, and vitamin D requirements for different age groups and sexes. Learn how nutrient needs vary across the lifespan.

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