Human Perspectives ATAR Units 1 & 2 Summary Quiz

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What is the primary function of the trachea?

To act as a resonating chamber for speech sounds
To transport air to and from the lungs (correct)
To produce mucus that traps foreign particles
To filter out impurities from the air we breathe

What is the function of the bronchi?

To produce mucus that traps foreign particles
To act as a resonating chamber for speech sounds
To filter out impurities from the air we breathe
To transport air to and from the lungs (correct)

What is the purpose of the smooth muscle in the bronchioles?

To regulate the diameter of the bronchioles (correct)
To produce mucus that traps foreign particles
To help produce speech sounds
To filter out impurities from the air

What structures are found at the end of the bronchioles?

Air sacs called alveoli (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epiglottis during swallowing?

To prevent food and liquid from entering the lungs (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a structure that air travels down starting from the outside of the body?

Alveoli (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pleural fluid?

To facilitate the movement of the lungs during breathing (D) Signup and view all the answers

How are the airways in the respiratory system similar to the branches on a tree?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between a primary bronchus and a tertiary bronchus?

The primary bronchus is wider in diameter than the tertiary bronchus (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the convolutions of the mucus membranes in the nasal cavity?

To warm and humidify the air before it enters the lungs (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary driver of the process of inspiration (inhalation)?

Decreased pressure in the chest cavity (B) Signup and view all the answers

What causes the pressure of air inside the lungs to decrease during inspiration?

Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the process of expiration?

The diaphragm bulges more into the chest cavity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary muscle responsible for changes in chest volume during normal, quiet breathing?

Diaphragm (D) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rib cage during inspiration?

It moves upwards and outwards (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the pressure difference between the lungs and the outside environment cause air to flow during inspiration?

Air flows from low pressure to high pressure (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pleura in the process of inspiration?

It allows the lungs to expand with the expanding chest cavity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the constant flow of blood through the capillaries in the context of gas exchange in the lungs?

Maintain a concentration gradient between alveoli and blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the blood as it flows through the capillaries surrounding each alveolus?

It picks up carbon dioxide and loses oxygen (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for the concentration gradient of oxygen and carbon dioxide to be maintained during gas exchange?

To facilitate the diffusion of gases into and out of the blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the introduction of new blood into the capillaries affect the concentration gradient for gas exchange?

It maintains the concentration gradient (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of carbon dioxide in the context of gas exchange in the lungs?

To enhance oxygen absorption by the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why is there a constant flow of blood through the capillaries surrounding each alveolus during gas exchange?

To continuously replenish blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide (B) Signup and view all the answers

What makes it easy for gases to diffuse to and from the body?

The characteristics mentioned in the text, such as the thin walls of the alveolus and capillary, and the film of moisture lining the alveolus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the artery to the lungs?

It brings deoxygenated blood to the capillaries (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of oxygen diffusion in the alveolus?

From the air to the blood (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of carbon dioxide diffusion in the alveolus?

From the blood to the air (B) Signup and view all the answers