Human Organ Systems and Skin Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of physiology according to the Oxford English Dictionary?

The Science of the Normal Functions and Phenomena of Living Things (correct)

The study of the functions of molecules and cells

The study of the structure and organization of the human body

The study of eleven different body systems

What is the primary function of the skin?

To provide protection from water loss and invasion by microorganisms (correct)

To produce nutrients for the body

To regulate body temperature

To circulate oxygen throughout the body

Which of the following levels of organization is characterized by the presence of atoms?

Organ level

Tissue level

Organismal level

Chemical level (correct)

What is the primary function of epithelial tissue?

To cover body surfaces and line body cavities Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the organ systems in the body?

To maintain a stable internal environment (homeostasis) Signup and view all the answers

What is the basic structural and functional unit of the human body?

Cell Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the respiratory system in providing nutrients to the body?

To provide oxygen to the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of skeletal muscle?

Striated, voluntary control Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of connective tissue?

To bind and support body parts Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the kidneys in removing metabolic waste products?

To remove urea, uric acid, excess water, and ions from the body Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of organization that consists of different organs that work together closely?

Organ system level Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organ system?

Cardiovascular Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the structure and organization of the human body?

Anatomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the discipline of Physiology?

To investigate how the systems operate at different levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cardiac muscle?

To form heart muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the hierarchical organization of the human body, from smallest to largest?

Cell, tissue, organ, system, body Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of organization that consists of similar types of cells?

Tissue level Signup and view all the answers

How many major types of tissues are present in the human body?

4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the functions of molecules and cells?

Cell Biology Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest level of organization in the human body?

Organismal level Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of smooth muscle?

Non-striated, involuntary control Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of nervous tissue?

To respond to stimuli and transmit impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the level of organization that consists of different types of tissues?

Organ level Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the study of the functions and processes of living organisms?

Physiology Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of nervous tissues?

To conduct electrochemical messages Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland secretes chemicals into ducts?

Exocrine gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of glial cells?

To support, protect, and nourish nerve cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an organ?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

To conduct messages to the cell body Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle is used for voluntary control?

Skeletal muscle Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of axon in a neuron?

To send messages away from the cell body Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cardiac muscle?

To contract quickly and strongly, but can fatigue in time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Definition of Physiology

Physiology is the science of the normal functions and phenomena of living things.

Levels of Organization

The human body is organized at multiple levels:
Organismal level: The entire human body.
Organ system level: Organ systems consist of different organs that work together closely.
Organ level: Organs are made up of different types of tissues.
Tissue level: Tissues consist of similar types of cells.
Cellular level: Cells are made up of molecules.
Chemical level: Atoms combine to form molecules.

The Primary Tissues

There are four major types of tissues in the human body:
Epithelial tissue: Covers body surfaces and lines body cavities.
Connective tissue: Binds and supports body parts.
Muscle tissue: Causes body parts to move.
Nervous tissue: Responds to stimuli and transmits impulses from one body part to another.

Epithelial Tissues

Epithelial tissue covers entire body surface and most of the body's inner cavities.
Functions of epithelial tissue include protection from injury and drying out, and secretion of mucus.

Connective Tissues

Connective tissue connects organs and provides support and protection.
Functions of connective tissue include binding structures together, filling up spaces, and storing fat.

Muscle Tissues

There are three types of muscle tissue:
Skeletal muscle: Striated, voluntary, and attached to bones.
Smooth muscle: Non-striated, involuntary, and found in internal organs and blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle: Striated, involuntary, and found only in the heart.

Nervous Tissues

Nervous tissue is specialized to form nerves, brain, and spinal cord.
Functions of nervous tissue include conducting electrical and chemical messages along special cells called neurons.

Glands

Glands are cells or collections of cells that secrete chemicals.
There are two types of glands:
Exocrine glands: Secrete into ducts, e.g., the gall bladder and sweat glands.
Endocrine glands: Secrete chemicals (especially hormones) into the bloodstream, e.g., the pituitary gland and pancreas.

Glial Cells

Glial cells are cells that surround nerve cells.
Functions of glial cells include supporting, protecting, and nourishing nerve cells.

Organs

Organs are made up of one or more types of tissues.
Examples of organs include the heart and skin.