Ninja Nerd - Cardiovascular | Anatomy of the Heart | Heart Model

Anterior Surface of the Heart

• The anterior surface of the heart has an auricle (fatty pouch) on the left and right sides, which has muscle tissue to squeeze blood into the atria.
• The left atrium is located behind the left auricle.
• The pulmonary trunk takes deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs to get oxygenated, which is why it appears blue.

Aorta and Branches

• The aorta is a large vessel that comes out of the heart.
• The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta that comes out of the heart.
• The aortic arch is the curved part of the aorta.
• Three vessels come off the aortic arch: brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.

Right Side of the Heart

• The right atrium is the upper chamber of the heart.
• The superior vena cava is a large vein that dumps into the right atrium.
• The superior vena cava is formed by the merger of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.
• The azygos vein is a small vein that feeds into the superior vena cava.

Posterior Surface of the Heart

• The posterior surface of the heart has the pulmonary arteries (right and left) and the aorta (descending).
• The pulmonary arteries are deoxygenated vessels that take blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
• The pulmonary veins are oxygenated vessels that bring blood back to the heart.

Coronary Circuit

• The coronary circuit is the circulation of blood to the heart muscle itself.
• The coronary arteries come off the aorta and supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
• The right coronary artery and left coronary artery are the two main coronary arteries.
• The anterior interventricular artery (also known as the left anterior descending artery) is a branch of the left coronary artery.
• The circumflex artery is another branch of the left coronary artery.
• The marginal artery is a branch of the right coronary artery.
• The posterior interventricular artery is a branch of the right coronary artery.

Veins of the Heart

• The great cardiac vein is a vein that runs next to the anterior interventricular artery and drains the myocardium.
• The posterior vein of the left ventricle is a vein that drains the myocardium.
• The small cardiac vein is a vein that drains the myocardium.
• The middle cardiac vein is a vein that drains the myocardium.

Anastomoses

• Anastomoses are alternative routes for blood to flow in case of a blockage.
• The marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery have an anastomosis.
• The circumflex artery and posterior interventricular artery have an anastomosis.
• The anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery have an anastomosis.
• The marginal artery and anterior interventricular artery have an anastomosis.

Inside the Heart

• The right atrium is the upper chamber of the heart.
• The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
• The chordae tendineae are collagen cords that anchor the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles.
• The fossa ovalis is a scar tissue in the right atrium that is formed from the closure of the foramen ovale.
• The coronary sinus is a vein that collects blood from the heart muscle and drains into the right atrium.
• The right ventricle is the pumping chamber of the heart.
• The pulmonary semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk.
• The ligamentum arteriosum is a ligament that closes off the ductus arteriosus after birth.

Left Side of the Heart

• The left atrium is the upper chamber of the heart.
• The left pulmonary veins dump oxygenated blood from the left lung into the left atrium.
• The mitral valve (or bicuspid valve) separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
• The chordae tendineae are collagen cords that anchor the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles.
• The aortic semilunar valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta.
• The interventricular septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left ventricles.

Heart Muscle and Lining

• The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart.

• The endocardium is the lining of the internal chambers of the heart and valves.

• The pectinate muscles are muscle linings in the anterior walls of the atria.

• The trabeculae carne are irregular fibers of muscle in the anterior walls of the ventricles.### Heart Anatomy

• The outer layer of the heart is composed of the epicardium, which is made up of simple squamous epithelial tissue and a little areolar connective tissue.

• The epicardium is also referred to as mesothelium.

• The epicardium covers the outer part of the heart.

Additional Notes

• The pectinate muscles are located in the anterior walls of the atria.
• The anterior walls of the ventricles also have a specific structure.

Anterior Surface of the Heart

• The anterior surface has an auricle on the left and right sides, which has muscle tissue to squeeze blood into the atria.
• The left atrium is located behind the left auricle.

Aorta and Branches

• The aorta is a large vessel that comes out of the heart.
• The ascending aorta is the portion of the aorta that comes out of the heart.
• The aortic arch is the curved part of the aorta.
• Three vessels come off the aortic arch: brachiocephalic artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery.

Right Side of the Heart

• The right atrium is the upper chamber of the heart.
• The superior vena cava is a large vein that dumps into the right atrium.
• The superior vena cava is formed by the merger of the left and right brachiocephalic veins.
• The azygos vein is a small vein that feeds into the superior vena cava.

Posterior Surface of the Heart

• The posterior surface has the pulmonary arteries (right and left) and the aorta (descending).
• The pulmonary arteries are deoxygenated vessels that take blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen.
• The pulmonary veins are oxygenated vessels that bring blood back to the heart.

Coronary Circuit

• The coronary circuit is the circulation of blood to the heart muscle itself.
• The coronary arteries come off the aorta and supply oxygen to the heart muscle.
• The right coronary artery and left coronary artery are the two main coronary arteries.
• The anterior interventricular artery is a branch of the left coronary artery.
• The circumflex artery is another branch of the left coronary artery.
• The marginal artery is a branch of the right coronary artery.
• The posterior interventricular artery is a branch of the right coronary artery.

Veins of the Heart

• The great cardiac vein runs next to the anterior interventricular artery and drains the myocardium.
• The posterior vein of the left ventricle drains the myocardium.
• The small cardiac vein drains the myocardium.
• The middle cardiac vein drains the myocardium.

Anastomoses

• Anastomoses are alternative routes for blood to flow in case of a blockage.
• The marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery have an anastomosis.
• The circumflex artery and posterior interventricular artery have an anastomosis.
• The anterior interventricular artery and circumflex artery have an anastomosis.
• The marginal artery and anterior interventricular artery have an anastomosis.

Inside the Heart

• The right atrium is the upper chamber of the heart.
• The tricuspid valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
• The chordae tendineae are collagen cords that anchor the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles.
• The fossa ovalis is a scar tissue in the right atrium that is formed from the closure of the foramen ovale.
• The coronary sinus is a vein that collects blood from the heart muscle and drains into the right atrium.
• The right ventricle is the pumping chamber of the heart.
• The pulmonary semilunar valve separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary trunk.
• The ligamentum arteriosum is a ligament that closes off the ductus arteriosus after birth.

Left Side of the Heart

• The left atrium is the upper chamber of the heart.
• The left pulmonary veins dump oxygenated blood from the left lung into the left atrium.
• The mitral valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.
• The chordae tendineae are collagen cords that anchor the valve leaflets to the papillary muscles.
• The aortic semilunar valve separates the left ventricle from the aorta.
• The interventricular septum is the wall of tissue that separates the right and left ventricles.

Heart Muscle and Lining

• The myocardium is the muscular layer of the heart.
• The endocardium is the lining of the internal chambers of the heart and valves.
• The pectinate muscles are muscle linings in the anterior walls of the atria.
• The trabeculae carne are irregular fibers of muscle in the anterior walls of the ventricles.

Heart Anatomy

• The outer layer of the heart is composed of the epicardium, which is made up of simple squamous epithelial tissue and a little areolar connective tissue.
• The epicardium is also referred to as mesothelium.
• The epicardium covers the outer part of the heart.

Additional Notes

• The pectinate muscles are located in the anterior walls of the atria.
• The anterior walls of the ventricles also have a specific structure.