Lecture 18
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of twinning?

  • The birth of quadruplets
  • The birth of conjoined twins
  • The bearing of two children at one birth (correct)
  • The birth of triplets

What percentage of twins are dizygotic (fraternal) twins?

  • 70%
  • 60%
  • 80%
  • 90% (correct)

What is the incidence of monozygotic (identical) twins per 1000 births?

  • 5-6 per 1000 births
  • 3-4 per 1000 births (correct)
  • 7-8 per 1000 births
  • 1-2 per 1000 births

What is a factor that increases the chances of twinning?

<p>Advancing age of the mother (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the racial group with the highest incidence of twinning?

<p>Black African women (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a method that increases the chances of twinning?

<p>Assisted reproductive techniques or IVF (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are dizygotic twins created?

<p>After the ovulation of two oocytes, which are fertilized by two different sperms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of dizygotic twins?

<p>They are genetically different (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are the zygotes implanted in the uterus in dizygotic twins?

<p>Separately in the uterus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the likelihood of a woman conceiving fraternal twins if she is a fraternal twin?

<p>Higher (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the inner cell mass splitting in a blastocyst?

<p>Two completely separate embryos with a common placenta and separate amniotic cavities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rare case of monozygotic twins?

<p>Separation at the bilaminar germ disc stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of women who give birth to two babies when pregnant with twins?

<p>29% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of twin-twin transfusion syndrome?

<p>Blood flow to one of the twins is more with poor outcome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are conjoined twins also known as?

<p>Siamese twins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of incomplete separation of the inner cell mass?

<p>Conjoined twins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of conjoined twins where bodies are fused from the upper chest to the lower chest?

<p>Thoraco-omphalopagus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the incidence of low birth rate in twins?

<p>Higher than singletons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mortality rate of twins compared to singletons?

<p>3 times higher (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of twins born preterm?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in dizygotic twins during implantation?

<p>The zygote implants individually at distant sites in the uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of erythrocyte mosaicism in dizygotic twins?

<p>Each twin has two types of red blood cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of monozygotic twins?

<p>They have exactly the same genetic information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way monozygotic twins can arise?

<p>Subdivision and splitting of a single embryo (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the zygote splits at the two-cell stage in monozygotic twins?

<p>Two separate embryos develop with separate placentas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the arrangement of membranes in monozygotic twins that split at the two-cell stage?

<p>Similar to dizygotic twins (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can monozygotic twins be recognized?

<p>By their strong resemblance in blood groups, fingerprints, sex, and external appearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what stages can the zygote split to form monozygotic twins?

<p>At various stages, including the two-cell stage and the blastocyst stage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the implantation of dizygotic twins?

<p>The two zygotes implant at distant sites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when the walls of the chorionic sac fuse in dizygotic twins?

<p>The two chorionic sacs fuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers
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