Mendelian Inheritance
118 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next?

  • Genetics
  • Inheritance
  • Heredity (correct)
  • Variation

    • What is the unit of heredity made up of segments of DNA?

  • Chromosome
  • Gamete
  • Locus
  • Gene (correct)

    • What is the specific location of each gene on a certain chromosome?

  • Gamete
  • Gene
  • Locus (correct)
  • Chromosome

    • Who is known as the father of Genetics?

    <p>Gregor Mendel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the scientific study of heredity and variation?

    <p>Genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reproductive cells called that pass genes to the next generation?

    <p>Gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gregor Mendel use to identify the basic principles of heredity?

    <p>Garden peas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings?

    <p>Variation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism with two different alleles at a locus?

    <p>Heterozygote (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the segregation of alleles during gamete formation?

    <p>Gametes with one allele (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

    <p>To predict the results of a genetic cross (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the genotype of the F2 generation in a cross between two heterozygotes?

    <p>1:2:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism?

    <p>Phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype?

    <p>Because it can be either homozygous or heterozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a testcross?

    <p>To determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic makeup of an individual with the recessive phenotype?

    <p>pp only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Punnett square, what is the probability of the offspring having the YR genotype in an F2 generation?

    <p>1/4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the hypothesis of independent assortment?

    <p>Genes are located on different chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the phenotypic trait in an F2 generation when the P generation is YYRR and the F1 generation is heterozygous?

    <p>9:3:3:1 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of incomplete dominance?

    <p>Palomino horses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

    <p>Anaphase I (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of codominance?

    <p>Human blood group types (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the law of segregation?

    <p>The alleles of a gene segregate into gametes independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the probability of different genotypes in the offspring based on the genotypes of the parents?

    <p>Punnett square (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between normal and abnormal hemoglobin molecules in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Mutated gene structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that the offspring will have thalassaemia if one parent is a carrier?

    <p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cystic fibrosis that affects the pancreas?

    <p>Scarring and cyst formation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of cystic fibrosis in people of European descent?

    <p>1 in 2,500 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cystic fibrosis allele in plasma membranes?

    <p>Defective or absent chloride transport channels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by variants in CTR1, a high-affinity copper transporter?

    <p>A newly identified disorder of copper metabolism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sickle cell anemia that affects the shape of red blood cells?

    <p>Deformation into a sickle shape (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of genetic disorder that cystic fibrosis is classified as?

    <p>Autosomal recessive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of independent assortment?

    <p>Genes for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance pattern is observed when a red carnation and a white carnation produce offspring that are all pink?

    <p>Incomplete dominance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of a TT x Tt crossing, if the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant and the allele for short plants is recessive (t)?

    <p>¾ tall; ¼ short (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected phenotype of the offspring of a BW x WW crossing, if the hair colour in rabbits shows an incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance?

    <p>2 white: 2 beige (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements describes best autosomal dominant disorders?

    <p>They are expressed in every generation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Mitochondrial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of inheritance of Haemophilia?

    <p>X-linked recessive (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>They require two copies of the mutated allele to be expressed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of inheritance that involves the interaction of multiple genes to produce a single phenotype?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of phenotypes that can be expressed by a genotype due to environmental influences?

    <p>Norm of reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human somatic cells?

    <p>23 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pedigree?

    <p>To predict the probability of specific phenotypes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual?

    <p>Autosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes found in a human karyotype?

    <p>46 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a dihybrid cross in Mendel's experiment?

    <p>To determine if two characters are inherited together or independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the inheritance of traits and variation?

    <p>Genetics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the law of independent assortment to apply?

    <p>If two genes are located on different chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multifactorial characters?

    <p>Influenced by both genetic and environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the law of independent assortment?

    <p>Each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other during gamete formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the crossing of two F1 dihybrids?

    <p>Producing offspring with multiple combinations of traits (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genes located on the same chromosome?

    <p>They are inherited together (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the inheritance of seed colour and shape?

    <p>To determine if the traits are inherited independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of possible combinations of chromosomes in gametes in a dihybrid cross?

    <p>2^n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the dihybrid cross in understanding heredity?

    <p>It helps to understand the law of independent assortment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the alleles of the genes for seed color and shape in the P generation?

    <p>They are on non-homologous chromosomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the independent assortment of alleles during gamete formation?

    <p>The alleles segregate independently (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the F1 plants?

    <p>YyRr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of segregation describing?

    <p>The separation of alleles during gamete formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the phenotypic traits in the F2 generation?

    <p>9:3:3:1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cross-fertilization in the F1 generation?

    <p>All offspring are heterozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the diagrams in Figure 15-2?

    <p>To illustrate the law of independent assortment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Y and y alleles?

    <p>They are dominant and recessive alleles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene?

    <p>Deformation of red blood cells into a sickle shape (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cystic fibrosis allele?

    <p>Results in defective or absent chloride transport channels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of cystic fibrosis in people of European descent?

    <p>1 in 2,500 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that the offspring will have thalassaemia if one parent is a carrier?

    <p>25% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by variants in CTR1, a high-affinity copper transporter?

    <p>A newly identified disorder of copper metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of thalassaemia?

    <p>Due to a mutation in the haemoglobin gene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cystic fibrosis allele in the small intestine?

    <p>Abnormal absorption of nutrients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Autosomal recessive (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CTR-1 protein?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of copper in the intestinal epithelial cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>The affected individuals usually do not survive until adulthood to produce offspring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by dominant alleles that express symptoms late in life?

    <p>Huntington's disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of X-linked recessive disorders?

    <p>They are much more common in men than women due to the absence of the allele on the Y chromosome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

    <p>To provide information to prospective parents concerned about a family history for a specific disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the screening policy in Cyprus for β-thalassemia?

    <p>It has reduced the number of children born with the hereditary blood disease from 1 in 158 births to almost zero (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of X-linked dominant disorders?

    <p>They are extremely rare and usually fatal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next?

    <p>Inheritance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme encoded by the i allele in the ABO blood group?

    <p>Adds neither A nor B carbohydrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes?

    <p>Epistasis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cc homozygote genotype in mice?

    <p>No coat colour (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the frequency of dominant and recessive alleles in a population?

    <p>The frequency of dominant and recessive alleles can vary in a population (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the property of most genes to have multiple phenotypic effects?

    <p>Pleiotropy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the phenotypic expression of the gene responsible for coat colour in mice?

    <p>Two genes with multiple alleles each (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why one allele has no noticeable effect on the appearance of an organism?

    <p>Because it is a recessive allele (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the genotype 'cc' on the coat color in an individual?

    <p>It prevents the deposition of pigment, resulting in a white color (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

    <p>To predict the results of a genetic cross between individuals of known genetic makeup (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inheritance of a single phenotype controlled by two or more genes?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of albinism, a human genetic disorder?

    <p>It is a congenital autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During meiosis, what happens to the 2 alleles for a gene?

    <p>They separate and end up in different gametes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gene that codes for tyrosinase in albinism?

    <p>It produces melanin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype in an organism?

    <p>An organism's traits do not always reveal its genetic composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of separating homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the albinism allele on the expression of genes responsible for hair and eye color?

    <p>It inhibits the expression of these genes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of quantitative characters in polygenic inheritance?

    <p>They vary in the population along a continuum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype?

    <p>Because the genotype cannot be determined from the phenotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Continuous variation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the environmental influence on the phenotype of an organism?

    <p>Norm of reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell?

    <p>23 pairs of chromosomes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pedigree analysis?

    <p>To predict the probability of specific phenotypes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual?

    <p>Sex chromosomes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multifactorial characters?

    <p>Influence of both genetic and environmental factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the display of the pairs of chromosomes in a cell?

    <p>Karyotype (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of polygenic characters?

    <p>Continuous variation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the inheritance of traits and variation?

    <p>To understand the mechanisms of evolution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism?

    <p>Phenotype (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the CTR-1 protein?

    <p>To transport copper ions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>They can be expressed in the phenotype even if one normal allele is present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are autosomal dominant disorders less common than autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>Because affected individuals usually die before mating and passing the gene on (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between X-linked recessive and X-linked dominant disorders?

    <p>X-linked dominant disorders are more common than X-linked recessive disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

    <p>To provide information to prospective parents about the risk of passing a genetic disorder to their offspring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multifactorial disorders?

    <p>They have both genetic and environmental components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the screening policy in Cyprus for β-thalassemia?

    <p>A decrease in the incidence of β-thalassemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Huntington's disease?

    <p>It is a late-onset disease with no obvious phenotypic effects until the individual is about 35 to 40 years of age (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carrier detection?

    <p>To test for identifying carriers of various diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of CTR-1 deficiency?

    <p>It is an autosomal recessive disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Human Genetics: Normal Karyotype and Genetic Defects
    15 questions

    Human Genetics: Normal Karyotype and Genetic Defects

    HeroicNarwhal avatar
    HeroicNarwhal
    Patrones Mendelianos de Herencia
    24 questions

    Patrones Mendelianos de Herencia

    ReverentEuropium avatar
    ReverentEuropium
    ODS Human Genetics
    26 questions

    ODS Human Genetics

    ReadyNiobium avatar
    ReadyNiobium
    Mendelian Genetics Unit 1 Quiz
    78 questions

    Mendelian Genetics Unit 1 Quiz

    ProactiveSagacity6156 avatar
    ProactiveSagacity6156
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser