Mendelian Inheritance
118 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the term for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next?

  • Genetics
  • Inheritance
  • Heredity (correct)
  • Variation

    • What is the unit of heredity made up of segments of DNA?

  • Chromosome
  • Gamete
  • Locus
  • Gene (correct)

    • What is the specific location of each gene on a certain chromosome?

  • Gamete
  • Gene
  • Locus (correct)
  • Chromosome

    • Who is known as the father of Genetics?

    <p>Gregor Mendel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the scientific study of heredity and variation?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the reproductive cells called that pass genes to the next generation?

    <p>Gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Gregor Mendel use to identify the basic principles of heredity?

    <p>Garden peas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the differences in appearance that offspring show from parents and siblings?

    <p>Variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an organism with two different alleles at a locus?

    <p>Heterozygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the segregation of alleles during gamete formation?

    <p>Gametes with one allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

    <p>To predict the results of a genetic cross</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the genotype of the F2 generation in a cross between two heterozygotes?

    <p>1:2:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype?

    <p>Because it can be either homozygous or heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a testcross?

    <p>To determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic makeup of an individual with the recessive phenotype?

    <p>pp only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Punnett square, what is the probability of the offspring having the YR genotype in an F2 generation?

    <p>1/4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the hypothesis of independent assortment?

    <p>Genes are located on different chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the phenotypic trait in an F2 generation when the P generation is YYRR and the F1 generation is heterozygous?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of incomplete dominance?

    <p>Palomino horses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of codominance?

    <p>Human blood group types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the law of segregation?

    <p>The alleles of a gene segregate into gametes independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the probability of different genotypes in the offspring based on the genotypes of the parents?

    <p>Punnett square</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between normal and abnormal hemoglobin molecules in sickle cell anemia?

    <p>Mutated gene structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that the offspring will have thalassaemia if one parent is a carrier?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of cystic fibrosis that affects the pancreas?

    <p>Scarring and cyst formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of cystic fibrosis in people of European descent?

    <p>1 in 2,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cystic fibrosis allele in plasma membranes?

    <p>Defective or absent chloride transport channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by variants in CTR1, a high-affinity copper transporter?

    <p>A newly identified disorder of copper metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sickle cell anemia that affects the shape of red blood cells?

    <p>Deformation into a sickle shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of genetic disorder that cystic fibrosis is classified as?

    <p>Autosomal recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the principle of independent assortment?

    <p>Genes for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of inheritance pattern is observed when a red carnation and a white carnation produce offspring that are all pink?

    <p>Incomplete dominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of a TT x Tt crossing, if the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant and the allele for short plants is recessive (t)?

    <p>¾ tall; ¼ short</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected phenotype of the offspring of a BW x WW crossing, if the hair colour in rabbits shows an incomplete dominance pattern of inheritance?

    <p>2 white: 2 beige</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements describes best autosomal dominant disorders?

    <p>They are expressed in every generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations in the mitochondrial DNA?

    <p>Mitochondrial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of inheritance of Haemophilia?

    <p>X-linked recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>They require two copies of the mutated allele to be expressed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of inheritance that involves the interaction of multiple genes to produce a single phenotype?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the range of phenotypes that can be expressed by a genotype due to environmental influences?

    <p>Norm of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of chromosomes are found in human somatic cells?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pedigree?

    <p>To predict the probability of specific phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual?

    <p>Autosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes found in a human karyotype?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a dihybrid cross in Mendel's experiment?

    <p>To determine if two characters are inherited together or independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of the inheritance of traits and variation?

    <p>Genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for the law of independent assortment to apply?

    <p>If two genes are located on different chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multifactorial characters?

    <p>Influenced by both genetic and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the law of independent assortment?

    <p>Each pair of alleles segregates independently of each other during gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the crossing of two F1 dihybrids?

    <p>Producing offspring with multiple combinations of traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genes located on the same chromosome?

    <p>They are inherited together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the inheritance of seed colour and shape?

    <p>To determine if the traits are inherited independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of possible combinations of chromosomes in gametes in a dihybrid cross?

    <p>2^n, where n is the haploid number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the dihybrid cross in understanding heredity?

    <p>It helps to understand the law of independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the alleles of the genes for seed color and shape in the P generation?

    <p>They are on non-homologous chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the independent assortment of alleles during gamete formation?

    <p>The alleles segregate independently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genotype of the F1 plants?

    <p>YyRr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the law of segregation describing?

    <p>The separation of alleles during gamete formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio of the phenotypic traits in the F2 generation?

    <p>9:3:3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cross-fertilization in the F1 generation?

    <p>All offspring are heterozygous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the diagrams in Figure 15-2?

    <p>To illustrate the law of independent assortment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Y and y alleles?

    <p>They are dominant and recessive alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a mutation in the haemoglobin gene?

    <p>Deformation of red blood cells into a sickle shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the cystic fibrosis allele?

    <p>Results in defective or absent chloride transport channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency of cystic fibrosis in people of European descent?

    <p>1 in 2,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the probability that the offspring will have thalassaemia if one parent is a carrier?

    <p>25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by variants in CTR1, a high-affinity copper transporter?

    <p>A newly identified disorder of copper metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of thalassaemia?

    <p>Due to a mutation in the haemoglobin gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cystic fibrosis allele in the small intestine?

    <p>Abnormal absorption of nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance pattern of cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Autosomal recessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of CTR-1 protein?

    <p>To facilitate the transport of copper in the intestinal epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>The affected individuals usually do not survive until adulthood to produce offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder caused by dominant alleles that express symptoms late in life?

    <p>Huntington's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of X-linked recessive disorders?

    <p>They are much more common in men than women due to the absence of the allele on the Y chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

    <p>To provide information to prospective parents concerned about a family history for a specific disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the screening policy in Cyprus for β-thalassemia?

    <p>It has reduced the number of children born with the hereditary blood disease from 1 in 158 births to almost zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of X-linked dominant disorders?

    <p>They are extremely rare and usually fatal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the transmission of traits from one generation to the next?

    <p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the enzyme encoded by the i allele in the ABO blood group?

    <p>Adds neither A nor B carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where the effects of one gene are modified by one or several other genes?

    <p>Epistasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cc homozygote genotype in mice?

    <p>No coat colour</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the frequency of dominant and recessive alleles in a population?

    <p>The frequency of dominant and recessive alleles can vary in a population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the property of most genes to have multiple phenotypic effects?

    <p>Pleiotropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the phenotypic expression of the gene responsible for coat colour in mice?

    <p>Two genes with multiple alleles each</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why one allele has no noticeable effect on the appearance of an organism?

    <p>Because it is a recessive allele</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the genotype 'cc' on the coat color in an individual?

    <p>It prevents the deposition of pigment, resulting in a white color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a Punnett square?

    <p>To predict the results of a genetic cross between individuals of known genetic makeup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inheritance of a single phenotype controlled by two or more genes?

    <p>Polygenic inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of albinism, a human genetic disorder?

    <p>It is a congenital autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During meiosis, what happens to the 2 alleles for a gene?

    <p>They separate and end up in different gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the gene that codes for tyrosinase in albinism?

    <p>It produces melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between genotype and phenotype in an organism?

    <p>An organism's traits do not always reveal its genetic composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of separating homologous chromosomes in meiosis?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the albinism allele on the expression of genes responsible for hair and eye color?

    <p>It inhibits the expression of these genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of quantitative characters in polygenic inheritance?

    <p>They vary in the population along a continuum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it difficult to determine the genotype of an individual with the dominant phenotype?

    <p>Because the genotype cannot be determined from the phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Continuous variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the environmental influence on the phenotype of an organism?

    <p>Norm of reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of chromosomes in a human somatic cell?

    <p>23 pairs of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pedigree analysis?

    <p>To predict the probability of specific phenotypes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual?

    <p>Sex chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multifactorial characters?

    <p>Influence of both genetic and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the display of the pairs of chromosomes in a cell?

    <p>Karyotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of polygenic characters?

    <p>Continuous variation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the inheritance of traits and variation?

    <p>To understand the mechanisms of evolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the physical appearance of an organism?

    <p>Phenotype</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the CTR-1 protein?

    <p>To transport copper ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>They can be expressed in the phenotype even if one normal allele is present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are autosomal dominant disorders less common than autosomal recessive disorders?

    <p>Because affected individuals usually die before mating and passing the gene on</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between X-linked recessive and X-linked dominant disorders?

    <p>X-linked dominant disorders are more common than X-linked recessive disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of genetic counseling?

    <p>To provide information to prospective parents about the risk of passing a genetic disorder to their offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of multifactorial disorders?

    <p>They have both genetic and environmental components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the screening policy in Cyprus for β-thalassemia?

    <p>A decrease in the incidence of β-thalassemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Huntington's disease?

    <p>It is a late-onset disease with no obvious phenotypic effects until the individual is about 35 to 40 years of age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of carrier detection?

    <p>To test for identifying carriers of various diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of CTR-1 deficiency?

    <p>It is an autosomal recessive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser