Human Genetic Diversity
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of human DNA is shared by everyone?

  • 90%
  • 99.9% (correct)
  • 99.99%
  • 95%
  • What are the genes that are free to vary called?

  • Recessive genes
  • Dominant genes
  • Segregating genes (correct)
  • Genotypic genes
  • What percentage of their genes do full siblings actually differ in?

  • 0.1%
  • 1%
  • 0.01%
  • 0.05% (correct)
  • What does natural selection favor?

    <p>Organisms that can adapt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can change the fine structure and chemistry of the brain permanently?

    <p>Experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is culture according to the text?

    <p>A group's shared pattern of values, beliefs, institutions, and behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reinforcement may be used in special education classrooms according to the text?

    <p>Token economies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the controlled application of behaviorist principles to experimentally alter behavior called?

    <p>Applied Behavior Analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is mentioned as having increased self-control allowing reinforcement to be more effective even after delay?

    <p>Middle Childhood (6 to 12 Years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which age group can newborn infants be conditioned according to the text?

    <p>Infancy and Toddlerhood (Prenatal to 2 Years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the didactic form of instruction largely based on operant conditioning mentioned in the text?

    <p>Direct Instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group has access to their own sources of reinforcement which limit adults' control over their behavior?

    <p>Adolescents (13 to 19 Years)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group typically uses out loud private speech the most?

    <p>Toddlers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do individuals in Vygotsky's theory often resort to talking out loud to themselves when faced with a very difficult task?

    <p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age range is associated with private speech being 'underground' or silent according to Vygotsky's theory?

    <p>Adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Vygotsky, in which age group does private speech become more internal and silent while also becoming more task relevant?

    <p>Toddlers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development does adult speech support the regulation of children’s behavior?

    <p>Infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age range is associated with the use of cultural tools for thinking, building, recording, problem-solving, and communicating according to Vygotsky's theory?

    <p>6-12 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of learning according to behaviorists?

    <p>A relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs because of experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a prominent figure associated with behaviorism?

    <p>Jean Piaget</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used by behaviorists to refer to creating situations that result in learning?

    <p>Conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In classical conditioning, what is the process called when the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response?

    <p>Extinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of conditioning is associated with learning voluntary behavior through consequences?

    <p>Operant conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the Russian physiologist credited with the discovery of classical conditioning?

    <p>Ivan Pavlov</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between children's memory abilities during middle childhood and adolescence?

    <p>Adolescents are better at using elaboration strategies than middle childhood children.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that contributes to higher academic achievement in students?

    <p>Having a larger web of knowledge and better long-term memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a schema?

    <p>To organize and represent knowledge in a structured way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about prior knowledge is true, according to the text?

    <p>Low-ability students with prior knowledge may learn more effectively than high-ability students without prior knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between a schema and a script?

    <p>A schema is for representing knowledge, while a script is for representing how to do something or an event.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following memory strategies is most effective for middle childhood children, according to the text?

    <p>Rehearsal</p> Signup and view all the answers

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