Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the name of the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder?
What is the name of the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder?
- renal artery
- renal vein
- ureter (correct)
- cortex
Which organ is responsible for the production of urea?
Which organ is responsible for the production of urea?
- lungs
- liver (correct)
- kidneys
- bladder
During vigorous exercise without drinking water, what happens to urine concentration?
During vigorous exercise without drinking water, what happens to urine concentration?
- remain constant
- fluctuate
- increase (correct)
- decrease
Which of the following substances is primarily excreted by the lungs?
Which of the following substances is primarily excreted by the lungs?
Which option correctly describes the pathway of blood through the kidney?
Which option correctly describes the pathway of blood through the kidney?
Which term describes the removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea?
Which term describes the removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to form urea?
Which statement about urea is correct?
Which statement about urea is correct?
Which row matches the function to the correct organ?
Which row matches the function to the correct organ?
Which row shows the experiment where the environmental temperature was increased from 20 °C to 40 °C but no other changes were made?
Which row shows the experiment where the environmental temperature was increased from 20 °C to 40 °C but no other changes were made?
Which substances are normally present in the filtrate at X in a kidney tubule?
Which substances are normally present in the filtrate at X in a kidney tubule?
In which part of the kidney tubule is glucose concentration highest?
In which part of the kidney tubule is glucose concentration highest?
Which structure(s) in the kidney transport glucose in a healthy person?
Which structure(s) in the kidney transport glucose in a healthy person?
Which substance is completely reabsorbed from the fluid at R to the blood at P?
Which substance is completely reabsorbed from the fluid at R to the blood at P?
In a healthy person, what substance is entirely reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules?
In a healthy person, what substance is entirely reabsorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules?
What is filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus into the kidney tubule?
What is filtered out of the blood in the glomerulus into the kidney tubule?
What is required for the absorption of glucose into the blood when its concentration in the intestine is less than 5 mmol per dm³?
What is required for the absorption of glucose into the blood when its concentration in the intestine is less than 5 mmol per dm³?
Which row correctly indicates the substances filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the kidney tubule?
Which row correctly indicates the substances filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the kidney tubule?
Where is the highest concentration of urea found in the blood?
Where is the highest concentration of urea found in the blood?
How does the concentration of urea in urine compare to that in blood plasma?
How does the concentration of urea in urine compare to that in blood plasma?
What is a product of the deamination process?
What is a product of the deamination process?
Where does the primary filtration of blood occur within the nephron?
Where does the primary filtration of blood occur within the nephron?
What is a primary function of the liver related to amino acids?
What is a primary function of the liver related to amino acids?
Which part of the kidney tubule typically contains the highest concentration of protein?
Which part of the kidney tubule typically contains the highest concentration of protein?
If a patient has dye injected into their bloodstream, where is the blockage likely located if the dye doesn't reach the bladder?
If a patient has dye injected into their bloodstream, where is the blockage likely located if the dye doesn't reach the bladder?
What can be concluded about the glucose concentration in urine compared to blood plasma?
What can be concluded about the glucose concentration in urine compared to blood plasma?
Which of the following processes occurs in the kidneys?
Which of the following processes occurs in the kidneys?
Flashcards
Excretion
Excretion
The process of removing nitrogen-containing waste products, mainly urea, from the body.
Deamination
Deamination
The breakdown of excess amino acids in the liver, producing ammonia, which is then converted into urea.
Urea
Urea
The main nitrogenous waste product in mammals, formed in the liver and excreted by the kidneys.
Nephron
Nephron
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide
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Where is glucose reabsorbed?
Where is glucose reabsorbed?
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What is completely reabsorbed in the kidney?
What is completely reabsorbed in the kidney?
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What is excretion?
What is excretion?
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Which structures transport glucose?
Which structures transport glucose?
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Why not the ureter?
Why not the ureter?
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What is the normal blood glucose level?
What is the normal blood glucose level?
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What is required for glucose absorption?
What is required for glucose absorption?
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What is the cortex of the kidney?
What is the cortex of the kidney?
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What is the medulla of the kidney?
What is the medulla of the kidney?
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What is the ureter?
What is the ureter?
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What is urea?
What is urea?
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Filtration
Filtration
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Dialysis
Dialysis
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Glomerulus
Glomerulus
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Proximal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
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Loop of Henle
Loop of Henle
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Distal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
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Study Notes
Excretion in Humans
-
Deamination: The removal of the nitrogen-containing part of amino acids to produce urea.
-
Urea Formation: Urea is produced in the liver from excess amino acids and then excreted by the kidneys. It's not formed from glucose.
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Organ Function Matching:
- Organ 1 excretes carbon dioxide.
- Organ 2 excretes urea.
- Organ 3 produces urea.
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Urine Production and Temperature:
- Increased temperature typically leads to an increase in the volume of urine produced, assuming other variables are kept constant.
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Filtrate Composition:
- Glucose is not typically found in the filtrate in the kidneys at the designated X point in the diagram.
- Urea is present in the filtrate at this point.
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Kidney Structure:
- X is the cortex
- Y is the medulla
- Z is the ureter
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Glucose Concentration in Tubule:
- Glucose is highest in the proximal convoluted tubule.
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Glucose Transport:
- Arteries and veins transport glucose.
- Urea is not entirely reabsorbed.
-
Substances in Kidney Filtrate:
- Urea is found.
- Glucose is absent in that region.
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Substances in Dialysis Fluid: Fresh dialysis fluid lacks bile.
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Kidney Blockage: If dye injected into the blood supply to the kidneys does not appear in the excretory system, the ureter is probably blocked.
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Chemical Presence in Kidneys: Different parts of a healthy kidney contain varying substances (e.g., glucose, urea, proteins, salts).
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Kidney Structure Labels:
- Different parts of the kidney have specific labels (e.g., cortex, medulla, renal artery, ureter, renal vein).
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Urea Production and Diet: A protein-rich diet results in increased urea production by the liver.
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Excretion Examples: Removal of undigested food (through the anus) and urea (through the kidneys) are examples of excretion.
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Deamination Result: Deamination in the liver produces urea
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Substance Filtered in Glomerulus: Glucose, salts, and water are filtered. Proteins are not.
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