Kidney Function and Excretion

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of kidney stone formation?

Insufficient fluid intake in the diet

What percentage of kidney function can be lost before serious problems occur?

90%

What is the most common location where larger kidney stones can get stuck?

Ureters

What is the estimated percentage of adult Australians at risk of developing kidney disease?

One in three Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary part of the kidney affected by kidney diseases?

Glomeruli Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for larger kidney stones that cannot pass on their own?

Surgery to physically remove the stone Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when anabolic steroids are used?

Scarring inside the kidneys and eventual kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of peritoneal dialysis?

To remove wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the peritoneum in the context of peritoneal dialysis?

A membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when the kidneys lose their ability to excrete waste and control fluid levels in the body?

Kidney failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fluid used in peritoneal dialysis?

To remove waste from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or kidney disease?

Slow destruction of nephrons in the kidneys Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why useful substances stay in the blood during peritoneal dialysis?

Because the concentrations of substances in the fluid are similar to those in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the fluid in the abdominal cavity after a time in peritoneal dialysis?

It is drained out through the catheter Signup and view all the answers

How often is peritoneal dialysis usually done?

Every day Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dialysate fluid in peritoneal dialysis?

To remove waste and extra water from the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the artificial kidney or dialysis machine in haemodialysis?

To remove waste and extra water from the blood Signup and view all the answers

How long do patients typically spend attached to the haemodialysis machine?

4-5 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of liver disease?

Build-up of toxins in the body Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lifestyle factors can lead to liver disease?

Excessive alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of liver disease?

Dark urine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of liver disease?

Infection Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the skin of people suffering from liver disease?

It becomes yellow due to jaundice Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to damage to the kidneys and liver?

Lifestyle choices such as diet and alcohol consumption Signup and view all the answers

list 3 lifestyle measures you can take to maintain healthy kidneys

maintain healthy diet dont smoke drink water not sugary drinks drink alcohol in moderation dont use performance-enhancing drugs Signup and view all the answers

whats dialysis

a method of removing wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs Signup and view all the answers

two types of dialysis

haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis Signup and view all the answers

whats peritoneum

membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs such as the stomach, liver and intestines Signup and view all the answers

how does paritoneal dialysis work

occurs inside body using peironeum as. amembrane across which waste can be removed. A time, catheter, is what 2-3L fluid passes thru into abdomenical cavity. The fluid contains glucose and other substances at concentrations similar to those found in blood, so wastes diffuse out and nutrients remain bcs no conc grad. then fluid is drained out the catheter. done daily Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis: a process that uses the peritoneum as a membrane to remove waste from the blood
- Fluid with a concentration of substances similar to blood, except without waste, is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter
- Waste diffuses from the blood into the fluid, which is then drained out along with the waste
Haemodialysis: a process that uses an artificial kidney or dialysis machine to remove waste from the blood
- Blood passes through fine tubes with a differentially permeable membrane, immersed in a bath of fluid with concentrations similar to blood, except without waste
- Waste diffuses from the blood into the fluid, which is then removed

Liver Disease

Causes: infection, autoimmune problems, genetic disorders, cancer, and lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption and a fatty diet
Symptoms: yellow tinge to the skin (jaundice), abdominal pain and swelling, swelling in the legs and feet, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, dark urine, and faeces that are pale or dark coloured

Kidney Stones

Formed from solid crystals that build up inside the kidneys
Caused by insufficient fluids in the diet, and can be small enough to pass down the ureter and out of the body without being noticed, or large and stuck in the ureter, bladder or urethra, causing intense pain

Kidney Failure

One in three adult Australians is at risk of developing kidney disease
Most kidney diseases affect the glomeruli, reducing their ability to filter the blood
Factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure or kidney diseases slowly destroy the nephrons in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure
Kidney failure may happen suddenly, but is more likely to develop over a period of years

Prevention of Kidney Disease

Drink water instead of drinks containing sugar
Drink alcohol in moderation
Do not use performance-enhancing drugs
Lifestyle choices can lead to damage to the kidneys and liver, impacting the effectiveness of excretion

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