Kidney Function and Excretion
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of kidney stone formation?

  • Insufficient fluid intake in the diet (correct)
  • Overconsumption of sugary drinks
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Infections in the urinary tract

    • What percentage of kidney function can be lost before serious problems occur?

  • 50%
  • 80%
  • 90% (correct)
  • 70%

    • What is the most common location where larger kidney stones can get stuck?

  • Ureters (correct)
  • Kidneys
  • Bladder
  • Urethra

    • What is the estimated percentage of adult Australians at risk of developing kidney disease?

    <p>One in three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary part of the kidney affected by kidney diseases?

    <p>Glomeruli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for larger kidney stones that cannot pass on their own?

    <p>Surgery to physically remove the stone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur when anabolic steroids are used?

    <p>Scarring inside the kidneys and eventual kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>To remove wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peritoneum in the context of peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>A membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result when the kidneys lose their ability to excrete waste and control fluid levels in the body?

    <p>Kidney failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the fluid used in peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>To remove waste from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or kidney disease?

    <p>Slow destruction of nephrons in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason why useful substances stay in the blood during peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>Because the concentrations of substances in the fluid are similar to those in the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the fluid in the abdominal cavity after a time in peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>It is drained out through the catheter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is peritoneal dialysis usually done?

    <p>Every day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the dialysate fluid in peritoneal dialysis?

    <p>To remove waste and extra water from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the artificial kidney or dialysis machine in haemodialysis?

    <p>To remove waste and extra water from the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long do patients typically spend attached to the haemodialysis machine?

    <p>4-5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of liver disease?

    <p>Build-up of toxins in the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lifestyle factors can lead to liver disease?

    <p>Excessive alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of liver disease?

    <p>Dark urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a cause of liver disease?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the skin of people suffering from liver disease?

    <p>It becomes yellow due to jaundice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can lead to damage to the kidneys and liver?

    <p>Lifestyle choices such as diet and alcohol consumption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    list 3 lifestyle measures you can take to maintain healthy kidneys

    <p>maintain healthy diet dont smoke drink water not sugary drinks drink alcohol in moderation dont use performance-enhancing drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    whats dialysis

    <p>a method of removing wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    two types of dialysis

    <p>haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    whats peritoneum

    <p>membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs such as the stomach, liver and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    how does paritoneal dialysis work

    <p>occurs inside body using peironeum as. amembrane across which waste can be removed. A time, catheter, is what 2-3L fluid passes thru into abdomenical cavity. The fluid contains glucose and other substances at concentrations similar to those found in blood, so wastes diffuse out and nutrients remain bcs no conc grad. then fluid is drained out the catheter.</p> <p>done daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dialysis

    • Peritoneal dialysis: a process that uses the peritoneum as a membrane to remove waste from the blood
      • Fluid with a concentration of substances similar to blood, except without waste, is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter
      • Waste diffuses from the blood into the fluid, which is then drained out along with the waste
    • Haemodialysis: a process that uses an artificial kidney or dialysis machine to remove waste from the blood
      • Blood passes through fine tubes with a differentially permeable membrane, immersed in a bath of fluid with concentrations similar to blood, except without waste
      • Waste diffuses from the blood into the fluid, which is then removed

    Liver Disease

    • Causes: infection, autoimmune problems, genetic disorders, cancer, and lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption and a fatty diet
    • Symptoms: yellow tinge to the skin (jaundice), abdominal pain and swelling, swelling in the legs and feet, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, dark urine, and faeces that are pale or dark coloured

    Kidney Stones

    • Formed from solid crystals that build up inside the kidneys
    • Caused by insufficient fluids in the diet, and can be small enough to pass down the ureter and out of the body without being noticed, or large and stuck in the ureter, bladder or urethra, causing intense pain

    Kidney Failure

    • One in three adult Australians is at risk of developing kidney disease
    • Most kidney diseases affect the glomeruli, reducing their ability to filter the blood
    • Factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure or kidney diseases slowly destroy the nephrons in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure
    • Kidney failure may happen suddenly, but is more likely to develop over a period of years

    Prevention of Kidney Disease

    • Drink water instead of drinks containing sugar
    • Drink alcohol in moderation
    • Do not use performance-enhancing drugs
    • Lifestyle choices can lead to damage to the kidneys and liver, impacting the effectiveness of excretion

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on how the kidneys function, including reabsorption of glucose and water, glomerular filtration, and the effects of lifestyle on excretion. Learn about kidney stones and other related topics.

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