Kidney Function and Excretion

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of kidney stone formation?

  • Insufficient fluid intake in the diet (correct)
  • Overconsumption of sugary drinks
  • Genetic predisposition
  • Infections in the urinary tract

What percentage of kidney function can be lost before serious problems occur?

  • 50%
  • 80%
  • 90% (correct)
  • 70%

What is the most common location where larger kidney stones can get stuck?

  • Ureters (correct)
  • Kidneys
  • Bladder
  • Urethra

What is the estimated percentage of adult Australians at risk of developing kidney disease?

<p>One in three (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary part of the kidney affected by kidney diseases?

<p>Glomeruli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for larger kidney stones that cannot pass on their own?

<p>Surgery to physically remove the stone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when anabolic steroids are used?

<p>Scarring inside the kidneys and eventual kidney failure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of peritoneal dialysis?

<p>To remove wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peritoneum in the context of peritoneal dialysis?

<p>A membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result when the kidneys lose their ability to excrete waste and control fluid levels in the body?

<p>Kidney failure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the fluid used in peritoneal dialysis?

<p>To remove waste from the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or kidney disease?

<p>Slow destruction of nephrons in the kidneys (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason why useful substances stay in the blood during peritoneal dialysis?

<p>Because the concentrations of substances in the fluid are similar to those in the blood (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the fluid in the abdominal cavity after a time in peritoneal dialysis?

<p>It is drained out through the catheter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often is peritoneal dialysis usually done?

<p>Every day (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the dialysate fluid in peritoneal dialysis?

<p>To remove waste and extra water from the blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the artificial kidney or dialysis machine in haemodialysis?

<p>To remove waste and extra water from the blood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long do patients typically spend attached to the haemodialysis machine?

<p>4-5 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major consequence of liver disease?

<p>Build-up of toxins in the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lifestyle factors can lead to liver disease?

<p>Excessive alcohol consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of liver disease?

<p>Dark urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a cause of liver disease?

<p>Infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the skin of people suffering from liver disease?

<p>It becomes yellow due to jaundice (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can lead to damage to the kidneys and liver?

<p>Lifestyle choices such as diet and alcohol consumption (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

list 3 lifestyle measures you can take to maintain healthy kidneys

<p>maintain healthy diet dont smoke drink water not sugary drinks drink alcohol in moderation dont use performance-enhancing drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

whats dialysis

<p>a method of removing wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

two types of dialysis

<p>haemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

whats peritoneum

<p>membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity and covers abdominal organs such as the stomach, liver and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

how does paritoneal dialysis work

<p>occurs inside body using peironeum as. amembrane across which waste can be removed. A time, catheter, is what 2-3L fluid passes thru into abdomenical cavity. The fluid contains glucose and other substances at concentrations similar to those found in blood, so wastes diffuse out and nutrients remain bcs no conc grad. then fluid is drained out the catheter.</p> <p>done daily</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Peritoneal dialysis

A process using the peritoneum as a filter to remove waste products from the blood.

Haemodialysis

A process using a machine to filter waste products from the blood.

Dialysis fluid

A fluid with a similar composition to blood, but without waste products, used in peritoneal dialysis.

Catheter

A tube inserted into the abdominal cavity for peritoneal dialysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dialysis membrane

A selectively permeable membrane that separates blood from dialysis fluid in haemodialysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver disease

A condition where the liver is not functioning properly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Jaundice

A yellowing of the skin caused by liver disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kidney stones

Solid crystals that build up inside the kidneys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Kidney failure

A condition where the kidneys are not functioning properly.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Nephrons

Tiny filtering units within the kidneys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glomerular disease

A condition where the glomeruli, the filtering units of the kidneys, are damaged.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glomeruli

Tiny blood vessels in the kidneys that filter waste from the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acute kidney failure

A sudden onset of kidney failure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chronic kidney failure

A gradual decline in kidney function over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ureter

The tube that connects the kidney to the bladder.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bladder

The organ that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urethra

The tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Excretion

The process of removing waste products from the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Excessive alcohol consumption

A lifestyle factor that can lead to kidney disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fatty diet

A lifestyle factor that can lead to kidney disease.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Performance-enhancing drugs

A lifestyle choice that can damage the kidneys and liver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lifestyle choices

A lifestyle choice that can damage the kidneys and liver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Drinking water

Drinking water instead of sugary drinks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moderate alcohol consumption

Consuming alcohol in moderation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Avoidance of performance-enhancing drugs

Not using performance-enhancing drugs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Dialysis

  • Peritoneal dialysis: a process that uses the peritoneum as a membrane to remove waste from the blood
    • Fluid with a concentration of substances similar to blood, except without waste, is introduced into the abdominal cavity through a catheter
    • Waste diffuses from the blood into the fluid, which is then drained out along with the waste
  • Haemodialysis: a process that uses an artificial kidney or dialysis machine to remove waste from the blood
    • Blood passes through fine tubes with a differentially permeable membrane, immersed in a bath of fluid with concentrations similar to blood, except without waste
    • Waste diffuses from the blood into the fluid, which is then removed

Liver Disease

  • Causes: infection, autoimmune problems, genetic disorders, cancer, and lifestyle factors such as excessive alcohol consumption and a fatty diet
  • Symptoms: yellow tinge to the skin (jaundice), abdominal pain and swelling, swelling in the legs and feet, nausea or vomiting, fatigue, dark urine, and faeces that are pale or dark coloured

Kidney Stones

  • Formed from solid crystals that build up inside the kidneys
  • Caused by insufficient fluids in the diet, and can be small enough to pass down the ureter and out of the body without being noticed, or large and stuck in the ureter, bladder or urethra, causing intense pain

Kidney Failure

  • One in three adult Australians is at risk of developing kidney disease
  • Most kidney diseases affect the glomeruli, reducing their ability to filter the blood
  • Factors such as diabetes, high blood pressure or kidney diseases slowly destroy the nephrons in the kidneys, leading to kidney failure
  • Kidney failure may happen suddenly, but is more likely to develop over a period of years

Prevention of Kidney Disease

  • Drink water instead of drinks containing sugar
  • Drink alcohol in moderation
  • Do not use performance-enhancing drugs
  • Lifestyle choices can lead to damage to the kidneys and liver, impacting the effectiveness of excretion

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser