Human Dignity and Rights Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which process involves a person changing their beliefs and actions to align with a group?

  • Conformity (correct)
  • Minority Influence
  • Obedience
  • Reactance

What is the primary function of the orbitofrontal cortex related to decision-making?

  • Evaluating rewards and punishments (correct)
  • Controlling impulsive behaviors
  • Filtering sensory information
  • Regulating emotional responses

In what context does minority influence occur?

  • When the majority supports a common belief
  • When numerous individuals are influenced by a smaller group (correct)
  • When compliance is forced through authority
  • When individuals conform without questioning

Which phenomenon describes the rejection of social influence by an individual?

<p>Reactance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key roles of the orbitofrontal cortex related to impulse control?

<p>Balancing immediate desires with long-term goals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of being created in the image and likeness of God according to the content?

<p>It endows individuals with inherent dignity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of rights does physical integrity encompass?

<p>Rights that protect against unjustified killing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the process of identity formation among adolescents described as ongoing?

<p>It involves continuous adjustments and changes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of adolescents adjusting to new cognitive demands?

<p>Understanding complex school subjects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological conflict is associated with the stage of infancy?

<p>Trust vs Mistrust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of freedom do human persons have regarding their spiritual rights?

<p>Freedom of conscience and worship. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage do individuals develop a sense of independence?

<p>Early Childhood (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial stage involves conflict as described by Erikson?

<p>Identity vs. Role Confusion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which right specifically relates to an individual's ability to participate in social systems?

<p>Right to a nationality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which right specifically protects individuals from torture?

<p>Physical rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary psychological challenge during the school age stage?

<p>Industry vs Inferiority (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the adjustment to a new physical sense of self signify for adolescents?

<p>A developmental task related to emotional growth. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage does the right to engage in intimate relationships become crucial?

<p>Adolescence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of right includes the ability to own property and enter into contracts?

<p>Economic rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What phase is characterized by the conflict of identity versus confusion?

<p>Adolescence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What right encompasses the freedom to choose a marriage partner?

<p>Sexual rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of situational leadership?

<p>It requires the leader to assess and adapt to the situation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes relational leadership?

<p>Leaders and followers establish mutually beneficial relationships. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does heroic leadership emphasize?

<p>Self-awareness and ethical decision-making. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which trait is NOT associated with effective leadership according to the trait theory?

<p>Apathy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does love play a role in leadership?

<p>It fosters genuine relationships and care for others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major aspect of self-awareness in leadership?

<p>Acknowledging one’s weaknesses and their impact on others. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ingenuity in leadership refers to:

<p>Creativity in problem-solving and adapting to change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of Behavioral leadership?

<p>Leadership is a learned behavior. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is not a characteristic of heroic leadership?

<p>Seeking recognition for personal achievements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which developmental stage do individuals focus on contributing to society and being part of a family?

<p>Middle Age (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines Participative leadership?

<p>Collaboration with others to make decisions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction of Situational leadership?

<p>It varies based on an individual's competence and circumstances. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which leadership style emphasizes a vision to inspire followers?

<p>Transformational leadership (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Transactional leadership primarily involve?

<p>Negotiate resources or positions using rewards or punishments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What developmental task characterizes the transition into Old Age?

<p>Integrity vs Despair (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a characteristic of Autocratic leadership?

<p>High level of team involvement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dignity of the Human Person

Every person is created in God's image and likeness, thus possessing inherent worth and rights.

Rights of Man (Physical)

The right to live, security, physical integrity, and protection against violence, including sexual violations.

Rights of Man (Spiritual)

Freedom of conscience, belief, worship, and the right to belong to a religious community.

Rights of Man (Moral)

Moral rights are extremely important, especially in the context of someone's conscience.

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Developmental Skills & Tasks (Adolescents)

Adjusting to new physical, intellectual, and cognitive demands, self identity, as well as emotional development.

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Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

A theory about the emotional and social growth of a person, especially addressing critical life stages.

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Formation of Identity

The continuous process of developing self-awareness and understanding of one's place in the world, during adolescence.

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Havighurst Developmental Tasks (Adolescents)

Important tasks and challenges individuals face when maturing; specifically addressing the teenage years.

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Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy)

Developmental stage where infants learn to trust their caregivers. Meeting basic needs like nourishment and affection fosters trust. Lack of met needs leads to mistrust.

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Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (Early Childhood)

Developmental stage where children develop independence in tasks and activities. Positive reinforcement leads to autonomy; criticism can lead to shame or feelings of inadequacy.

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Initiative vs. Guilt (Play Age)

Stage where children take initiative and start activities. Success in these endeavors fosters a sense of purpose, otherwise guilt might surface.

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Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age)

Developmental stage where children develop competence in abilities and tasks.

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Identity vs. Confusion (Adolescence)

A crucial stage where teens experiment and establish a sense of self and identity.

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Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young Adulthood)

Stage where individuals forge intimate relationships and experience connection, or feel isolated.

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Basic Needs (Infancy)

Essential requirements for physical and emotional well-being in early childhood, including nourishment and affection.

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Personal Rights

Individual rights like freedom of movement, choice, and employment, as well as the right to marry and choose a partner.

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Conformity

Changing your behavior, beliefs, or thinking to match those around you.

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Conversion

Wholeheartedly adopting a new way of thinking, believing, and acting to be like a group.

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Minority Influence

When a smaller group influences a larger one, and their ideas are accepted.

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Reactance

Rejecting social pressure or influence.

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Obedience

Following someone's instructions, even if you don't agree.

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Cultural Rights

The right to use and foster the language of one's cultural group.

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Adulthood: Personal Development and CLED

A period of personal growth focusing on developing skills and knowledge, building relationships and contributing to society (19 to 29 years).

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Middle Age: Generativity vs. Stagnation

A stage marked by the desire to contribute to society, create something meaningful, and be part of a family, or a risk of feeling stagnant and unproductive.

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Old Age: Integrity vs. Despair

A stage where individuals reflect on their life, assess whether they lived a meaningful life with purpose, or confront regret and despair.

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Behavioral Leadership

Leadership styles focus on observable actions and traits. Leaders are identified by specific behaviors, often based on observable actions and communication techniques.

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Participative Leadership

Leaders involve others in decision-making processes. They encourage collaboration and feedback, promoting a democratic approach.

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Situational Leadership

Leaders adapt their style to different situations and individuals. The approach varies depending on the competence and experience of the team members.

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Transactional Leadership

Leaders focus on exchanges and negotiations. They might offer rewards for good performance or penalties for poor performance.

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Non-Hierarchical Leadership

Leadership is not solely determined by position or title in an organization. It also depends on individual characteristics, skills, and relationships.

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Relational Leadership

Leaders and followers build a relationship where their needs and goals are mutually met. The leader's role can vary from vision provider to supporter.

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Heroic Leadership

This style involves self-awareness, ethical decision-making, and a commitment to serving others, even in the face of challenges.

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Self-Awareness in Leadership

Leaders understand their strengths, weaknesses, values, and how they impact others. They strive to be objective and self-reflective.

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Ingenuity in Leadership

Leaders are creative problem solvers, adaptable to change. They explore innovative solutions and adjust their strategies.

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Love in Leadership

Genuine relationships and caring for the well-being of others are key aspects of this leadership style. It focuses on building trust and compassion.

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Heroism in Leadership

Leaders demonstrate courage and act for the greater good, even when facing difficulties. They inspire others to act with courage and purpose.

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Study Notes

Dignity of the Human Person

  • Every person is created in God's image and likeness, thus possessing inherent dignity.
  • This dignity grants individuals rights.

Rights of Man

  • Physical: Right to physical integrity, security, and life. This includes protection from unlawful killings and torture, and respect for sexual integrity.
  • Spiritual: Right to freedom of conscience, belief, and worship, and membership in a religious community.
  • Moral: Right to conscience and the ability to form one.
  • Personal: Rights to individuality, movement, choice of employment, marriage, and partner selection.
  • Social: Right to nationality and citizenship.
  • Sexual: Right to marry and have children.
  • Intellectual: Right to truth and intellectual pursuits.
  • Economic: Right to own property, engage in business, buy/sell, and work for just compensation.
  • Political: Right to vote, form political parties, and run for office.
  • Cultural: Right to use and promote one's cultural language and traditions.

Developmental Skills and Tasks Among Adolescents

  • Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Identity formation is a continuous process, not linear.
  • Havighurst Developmental Tasks: Adolescence involves adjusting to new physical, intellectual, and social abilities and demands at this age.

Erikson's Psychosocial Stages

Stage Conflict Virtue Description
Infancy (0-1 year) Trust vs. Mistrust Hope Trusting basic needs will be met.
Early Childhood (1-3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt Will Developing independence.
Play Age (3-6 years) Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose Initiating activities and taking initiative.
School Age (7-11 years) Industry vs. Inferiority Competence Developing self-confidence in abilities.
Adolescence (12-18 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion Fidelity Experimenting with identity and roles.
Early Adulthood (19-29 years) Intimacy vs. Isolation Love Establishing intimacy and relationships.

Authentic and Heroic Leadership

  • Situational: Leaders must adapt to different circumstances.
  • Relational: Leaders form relationships with followers, and their interests are mutually served.
  • Self-awareness: Understanding personal strengths, weaknesses, and values.
  • Ethical: Making ethical decisions.
  • Servant Leadership: Putting group needs above self-interest.
  • Ingenuity: Solving problems with creativity.
  • Love: Caring for others well-being.
  • Heroism: Courage to act for a greater good.

Types of Social Influence

  • Conformity: Changing behavior, beliefs, or thoughts to align with others.
  • Conversion: Wholeheartedly changing thoughts, beliefs, and actions due to group influence.
  • Minority Influence: A small group influencing a larger group.
  • Reactance: Rejection of social influence.
  • Obedience: Following orders even if they differ from personal beliefs.
  • Persuasion: Using reason or emotion to change attitudes or behaviors.

Goleman's Social Intelligence Theory

  • Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC): Brain region involved in decision-making, emotional regulation, and processing sensory information.
  • Decision-Making: Weighing rewards and punishments for making choices.
  • Emotional Regulation: Processing emotions and social interactions, influencing responses.
  • Olfactory Processing: Perceiving smells and integrating sensory information related to taste and smell.
  • Impulse control: Balancing immediate desires with long-term goals.

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