JC HBHD 2 Week 6&7 Chapter 18 Digestive System

<p>Passageway for food and air (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastritis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is characterized by patches of &quot;cheesy&quot;-looking exudate on the tongue and oral mucosa. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Poor oral hygiene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleft lip and cleft palate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Periodontitis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Untreated dental caries can lead to infection in other tissues. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockage of blood flow in the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secretion of hormones into the bloodstream (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blockage of pancreatic ducts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cystic fibrosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gallbladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cecum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lingual frenulum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dentin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Snuff dipper's pouch (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Parotid glands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help with speech (C), To prevent food and liquid from entering the nasal cavities (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deciduous teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Papillae (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic amylase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Emulsify fats into smaller droplets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemical digestion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pepsin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They break down food molecules without being consumed themselves. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To regulate the flow of food from the stomach to the small intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oropharynx, nasopharynx, and laryngopharynx (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pylorospasm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barrett's esophagus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mixture of food and gastric juice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diarrhea (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help the stomach expand after a meal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pyloric stenosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular exercise (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To help keep ingested material moving in one direction down the tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A rounded mass of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that propels food through the digestive tract. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Uvula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To absorb water and form feces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ileocecal valve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The liver's ability to perform various complex functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper endoscopy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To visualize the large intestine after barium sulfate is instilled (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stool culture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To release chyme into the small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ileum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It uses high-frequency sound waves to outline body structures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inspection of the lower GI tract up to the cecum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Folds that allow the stomach to expand (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It analyzes microorganisms present in a fecal sample. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chewed food, saliva, and digestive juices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upper GI x-ray (UGI) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small intestine and large intestine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LES (Lower Esophageal Sphincter) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It protects and supports abdominal organs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tiny projections that increase surface area for absorption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To serve as a storage for beneficial bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascending colon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It neutralizes stomach acids and assists in digesting macronutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Descending colon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store and concentrate bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dead bacteria and indigestible fibers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The portion that passes horizontally across the abdomen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce bile and detoxify harmful substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Achalasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Campylobacter infection (C), E.coli O157:H7 infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cholecystitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bulimia nervosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ascites (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crohn disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diverticulosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Includes organs like the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas that aid in digestion.

Organs such as the salivary glands, gallbladder, and pancreas that support digestion but do not contain food.

The four layers are mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa, each providing important digestive functions.

Includes the oral cavity, teeth, and salivary glands involved in the initial digestion of food.

The stomach stores and breaks down food by mixing it with gastric juices, initiating protein digestion.

A tooth disease causing permanent cavities due to infection.

Inflammation of the gums, often caused by poor oral hygiene.

Oral candidiasis caused by a yeastlike fungus, leading to cheesy patches.

Inflammation of the periodontal membrane, often a result of gingivitis.

Common congenital defects due to failure of mouth structures to fuse.

Inflammation of the liver, causing symptoms like jaundice and dark urine.

Degeneration of liver tissue replaced by fibrous and fatty tissue.

High blood pressure in hepatic portal veins due to liver obstruction.

Inflammation of the pancreas, causing digestive issues.

Cells in the pancreas that secrete hormones like insulin and glucagon.

Genetic disorder causing thick secretions that block pancreatic ducts.

The terminal portion of the digestive tract, about 1.5 meters long.

Includes cecum, colon (ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid), rectum, and anus.

Muscular tube lined with mucous membrane, part of respiratory and digestive systems.

Muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach, about 25 cm long, pushes food down.

Muscle that controls the opening from the pharynx to the esophagus.

Muscle that controls the opening from the esophagus to the stomach.

Condition where acidic stomach contents backflow into the esophagus, causing symptoms like heartburn.

Precancerous condition resulting from untreated GERD causing changes in esophagus lining.

Muscle that controls the opening from the stomach to the duodenum.

Folds in the stomach lining that allow expansion when food fills the stomach.

Open wound in the stomach caused by acid, often linked to Helicobacter pylori.

The study of the stomach and intestines and their diseases.

The continuous tube from mouth to anus, about 9 meters long.

Includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, rectum, anal canal.

Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix.

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa are the tract's walls layers.

A projection from the soft palate that prevents food from entering nasal cavities.

A fold of mucous membrane anchoring the tongue to the mouth's floor.

Includes incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, and tricuspids; 20 baby teeth in total.

An adult set of up to 32 teeth, completed by age 24.

Three pairs that secrete saliva, which contains amylase for carb digestion.

A precancerous condition affecting the mouth's tissue.

Process transforming food for cell absorption.

Physical processes like chewing that break food into smaller pieces.

Breakdown of large food molecules into smaller ones using enzymes.

Proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions.

Primarily occurs in the small intestine, breaking down starches into sugars.

Begins in the stomach and completes in the small intestine to amino acids.

Involves bile to emulsify fats and pancreatic lipase to digest them.

Process where digested food moves into blood or lymph from the intestine.

A system in the body responsible for breaking down food into nutrients.

Tests like AST and ALT that measure liver performance.

Visual examination of the GI tract from rectum to cecum; includes colonoscopy.

X-ray of the large intestine after barium is instilled rectally.

Examination of fecal sample for abnormal bacteria and microorganisms.

Test using sound waves to outline body structures.

Process where digested food enters the blood or lymph from the intestine.

Visual examination of the GI tract from esophagus to duodenum.

X-ray involving a contrast medium for abdominal organ visualization.

An enzyme measured in liver function tests to evaluate liver health.

The valve between the ileum and cecum that controls flow from the small intestine.

The first part of the large intestine, a pouch like structure that receives waste from the ileum.

A rounded mass of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed.

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

A flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the windpipe during swallowing.

Fluid secreted by salivary glands that begins the digestion of starches.

A muscular organ in the mouth that aids in chewing and swallowing food.

A mixture of chewed food, saliva, and digestive juices that enters the small intestine.

Very acidic fluids that help break down food in the stomach.

A long, narrow structure where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

Small, finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase absorption surface area.

A tube attached to the cecum that may store bacteria for gut health.

The part of the colon that travels upward from the cecum.

The section of the colon that runs horizontally across the abdomen.

The portion of the colon that goes down along the left side of the abdomen.

The S-shaped final section of the colon, leading to the rectum.

An organ that secretes digesting enzymes and hormones for blood sugar regulation.

A disorder where esophagus fails to properly move food into the stomach due to muscle failure.

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight leading to self-starvation.

Inflammation of the appendix, often causing abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention.

An autoimmune disorder where ingestion of gluten leads to damage in the small intestine.

Inflammation of the stomach lining, often caused by infection or irritants.

Condition where an organ pushes through the muscle or tissue that holds it in place.

Inflammation of pouches that can form in your intestines, often leading to pain and digestion issues.

Inflammation of the esophagus, often caused by irritation from acid reflux.