Human Anatomy: Oral Region

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Questions and Answers

What branches supply the upper lip?

  • Mental branches of the maxillary artery
  • Facial branches of the mandibular artery
  • Inferior labial branches of the mental artery
  • Superior labial branches of the facial and infra-orbital arteries (correct)

Which part of the lips is continuous with the labial mucosa?

  • Lower lip (correct)
  • Intra-oral vestibular part
  • Transitional zone
  • Upper lip

Where are the facial and mental arteries involved in blood supply?

  • Only the lower lip
  • Only the upper lip
  • Both the upper and lower lips (correct)
  • Neither the upper nor lower lips

How are arteries palpated on the lips?

<p>By grasping the upper or lower lip (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color range is seen in the transitional zone of the lips?

<p>From brown to red (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does saliva play in the oral cavity?

<p>It helps form the food bolus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is deglutition?

<p>The voluntary initiation of swallowing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the oral cavity limited laterally and anteriorly?

<p>By the dental arches. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical structures form the roof of the oral cavity?

<p>The palate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly defines the oral cavity proper?

<p>The space between the dental arches. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of chewing food?

<p>To facilitate the formation of a food bolus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a food bolus?

<p>A lump formed for swallowing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'voluntary phase' refer to in swallowing?

<p>The conscious effort to push the bolus. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lips?

<p>To act as valves for the oral fissure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are contained within the lips?

<p>Orbicularis oris (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the labial frenula connect?

<p>Lips to vestibular gingiva (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which arteries are primarily associated with the lips?

<p>Superior and inferior labial arteries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do the lips play in speech?

<p>They aid in articulation and production of sounds. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The arterial ring formed in the lips is primarily due to anastomosis between which arteries?

<p>Facial arteries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the lips?

<p>Helping with respiration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane covers the inner part of the lips?

<p>Mucous membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a mesiodens?

<p>A supernumerary midline tooth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age do deciduous central incisors typically erupt?

<p>6-8 months (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following teeth is typically shed between the ages of 6 to 7 years?

<p>Central incisor (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a pantomographic radiograph show regarding teeth?

<p>The presence or absence of specific teeth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the shedding age range for the 2nd deciduous molar?

<p>9-11 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What nerve branches supply the upper lip?

<p>Superior labial branches of the infra-orbital nerves (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which lymph nodes do the upper lip's lymphatic drainage primarily flow to?

<p>Submandibular lymph nodes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of innervation for the lower lip?

<p>Inferior labial branches of the mental nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lymph from the medial part of the lower lip first drains into which lymph nodes?

<p>Submental lymph nodes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves does NOT supply the lips?

<p>Mandibular nerves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily drained by the submandibular lymph nodes?

<p>Upper lip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature is associated with the drainage of the lower lip?

<p>Philtrum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the lower lip lymph drains to the submandibular lymph nodes?

<p>Lateral parts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What function does the oral cavity primarily serve?

<p>Taste and mastication (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure surrounds the mouth and aids in food manipulation?

<p>Lips (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vestibule of the mouth?

<p>The space between the teeth and gums (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mouth extends from the nasolabial sulci?

<p>Oral vestibule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mastication in the oral cavity?

<p>To form a bolus of food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mucosa lines the alveolar region?

<p>Alveolar mucosa (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What connects the lips to the gums?

<p>Frenulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the oral cavity is involved in tasting?

<p>Tongue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'bolus' refer to in the context of the oral cavity?

<p>A mass of chewed food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily found in the oral vestibule?

<p>Space between teeth and gums (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the oral cavity?

<p>Esophagus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does lingual manipulation refer to?

<p>Moving food with the tongue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a component of superior lingual gingiva?

<p>Proper gingiva (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary tissue type of the gingiva?

<p>Epithelial tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Oral cavity

The space inside your mouth where the teeth are located.

Mastication

The process of chewing food.

Saliva

A slippery substance in your mouth that helps break down food and makes it easier to swallow.

Salivary glands

Glands in your mouth that make saliva.

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Food bolus

A ball of food you form in your mouth by chewing.

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Deglutition

The act of swallowing food.

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Palate

The roof of the mouth, formed by bone and tissue.

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Swallowing

The process of moving food from your mouth to your stomach.

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Labial Frenula

Fold of mucous membrane in the midline of the mouth, extending from the vestibular gingiva to the mucosa of the upper and lower lips. The one extending to the upper lip is usually larger.

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Orbicularis Oris

The muscle that controls the opening and closing of the mouth, forming the sphincter of the oral fissure.

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Vestibule

The space between the teeth and the inner lining of the cheeks and lips.

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External Lip Covering

The outer covering of the lips, made of skin.

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Internal Lip Covering

The inner lining of the lips, made of mucous membrane.

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Superior and Inferior Labial Arteries

The arteries that supply blood to the lips, branching from the facial arteries.

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Arterial Ring

The network of arteries that connect to form a continuous blood flow in the lips.

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Lip Functions

The lips are used for a variety of functions, including eating, breathing, speaking, and kissing.

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Transitional zone of the lips

The area where the skin of the lips transitions into the mucous membrane of the mouth.

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Cutaneous part of the lips

The outer part of the lips, visible from the outside.

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Mucous membrane of the lips

The inner part of the lips, which is covered by mucous membrane and lines the mouth.

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Superior labial arteries

Blood vessels that supply the upper lip with blood.

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Inferior labial arteries

Blood vessels that supply the lower lip with blood.

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Oral Vestibule

The space between the teeth and gums (gingivae).

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Buccal Mucosa

The lining of the inside of the cheeks.

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Gingiva Proper

The lining of the gums, attached to the teeth.

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Oral Vestibule

The space between the lips and the teeth.

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Tongue

The muscular organ that helps with speech, taste, and swallowing.

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Lingual Manipulation

The act of moving food around the mouth using the tongue.

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Lips

The folds of tissue that surround the mouth.

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Palatine Mucosa

The lining of the palate (roof of the mouth).

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Oral Cavity Proper

The space inside the mouth, excluding the vestibule.

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Bolus

A mass of chewed food that's ready to be swallowed.

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Crown

The part of the tooth that's above the gum line.

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Root

The part of the tooth that's below the gum line.

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Neck

The area where the crown and root of a tooth meet.

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Secondary dentition

The set of teeth that replace the baby teeth, also known as primary teeth.

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Supernumerary tooth

A tooth that appears in addition to the normal number of teeth.

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Mesiodens

A tooth located in the middle of the front teeth, between the two central incisors.

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Alveolar process

The portion of the jawbone that supports the teeth.

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Pantomographic radiograph

A panoramic radiograph that shows the entire upper and lower jaw in one image.

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What nerve supplies the upper lip?

The upper lip receives blood and nerve supply from branches of the infraorbital nerve, which is a branch of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V).

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What nerve supplies the lower lip?

The lower lip receives blood and nerve supply from branches of the mental nerve, which is also a branch of the Trigeminal nerve (CN V).

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What is the philtrum?

The philtrum is the vertical groove between the base of the nose and the upper lip.

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What is the nasolabial sulcus?

The nasolabial sulcus is the crease that runs from the corner of the nose to the corner of the mouth.

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Where does lymph from the upper lip drain?

Lymph draining from the upper lip and lateral parts of the lower lip usually flows to the submandibular lymph nodes.

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Where does lymph from the medial part of the lower lip drain initially?

Lymph draining from the medial part of the lower lip first flows to the submental lymph nodes.

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What is the transitional zone?

The transitional zone between the philtrum and the nasolabial sulcus.

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What is the border of the philtrum?

The area bordering the philtrum.

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Study Notes

Oral Region

  • Includes the oral cavity, teeth, gingivae, tongue, palate, region of palatine tonsils
  • Oral cavity is for food ingestion and preparation for digestion
  • Chewing occurs with teeth, saliva from salivary glands forms a food bolus (swallowed)
  • Voluntary swallowing initiates in oral cavity
  • Involuntary process occurs in pharynx

Oral Cavity

  • Has two parts: oral cavity proper and vestibule
  • Vestibule is a slit-like space between teeth and gingivae
  • Vestibule communicates with exterior through oral fissure
  • Oral fissure size controlled by peri-oral muscles (e.g., orbicularis oris)
  • Space between upper and lower dental arches is the oral cavity proper

Lips, Cheeks, and Gingivae

  • Lips: mobile, musculofibrous folds that surround mouth; made up of skin and mucous membranes
  • Function: food grasping, controlling entry/exit of food, forming speech, osculation
  • Lips contain orbicularis oris controlling oral fissure
  • Cheek muscles are buccinator; lie between mucous membrane and buccinator
  • Cheeks have buccal fat-pads larger in infants
  • Supplied by buccal branches of maxillary artery, innervated by buccal branches of mandibular nerve
  • Gingivae: fibrous tissue covered with mucous membrane; attached to alveolar processes and teeth necks
  • Gingiva proper is pink, stippled, and keratinizing; alveolar mucosa (unattached gingiva) is shiny red and non-keratinizing

Teeth

  • Chief functions include incision, reduction, and mixing of food with saliva during mastication
  • Teeth assist in development and protection of supporting tissues
  • Used in articulation (distinct connected speech)

Parts and Structure of Teeth

  • A tooth has a crown, neck, and root
  • Crown projects from gingiva, neck between crown and root, root is fixed in socket by periodontium
  • Most of tooth is composed of dentin, covered by enamel, that protects the crown

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