Human Development Theories: Unit 1 & 2

Unit One

• Development Definitions: The study of human growth and change across physical, cognitive, and social domains.
• Traditional Perspective: Viewed development as a linear progression of universal stages.
• Cultural Embedding: Development is shaped by historical and cultural contexts, varying across different cultures and time periods.
• Piaget's Theory Metaphor: Development is like a flower blooming.
• Erik Erikson's Focus: Psychosocial conflict across eight stages.
• Meta-Theory Worldview Example: Evolutionary psychology aligns with a natural meta-theory worldview.
• Contextual Development: Refers to environmental and situational factors affecting development.
• Research Findings: The data and results collected from research studies.

Unit Two

• Bowlby's Attachment Theory: Attachment happens to ensure survival and social bonding.
• Newborn Attachment Aids: Reflexes, social signals, sensory abilities.
• "Strange Situation" Significance: The stage most informative in measuring attachment is the parent-child reunion.
• Internal Working Models: Cognitive maps about relationships (used in attachment theory).
• Multiple Attachments: Children can form multiple attachments.
• Temperament: Biological reactivity and self-regulation of emotions.
• Temperament Dimensions: Emotional reactivity, self-regulation, and activity level.
• Goodness of Fit: the alignment of a child's temperament with their environment.
• Adoption: Incorporating new experiences into existing cognitive structures.
• Equilibration: A balance between assimilation and accommodation in cognitive growth.
• Sequential Design: Combines Cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
• Community-Based Research: Involves community members in both the research and action phases.

Unit Three & Four

• Prenatal Development Periods: Germinal, embryonic, fetal.
• Piaget's Intelligence: Children are intelligent in multiple ways.
• Parenting Dimensions: Authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive are three dimensions of parenting.
• Authoritative Parent Response: Explains the rule and listens to the child's perspective.
• Problematic Parenting Style: Neglectful in parenting.
• Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Increased risk of mental health challenges, chronic diseases.
• Emotional Regulation: The ability to manage and modulate emotional responses effectively in children.
• Cognitive Development Theory: Piaget's theory of cognitive development (stages, assimilation, accommodation).

Unit Five

• Family Violence Subtypes: Parents' yelling/fighting is a subtle form of family violence (emotional harm).
• Child Maltreatment: Most common form is Neglect (not physical, but harm emotionally and/or developmentally).
• Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs): Impact on health (mental and physical) and developmental delays.
• Emotional Regulation: The ability to manage and modulate emotional responses in children.
• Higher-Order Contexts: Broader social and cultural influences.

Additional Questions

• Longitudinal Research Advantages: Tracks the same participants over time, revealing changes.
• Goodness of Fit: The match between a child's needs and the environment.
• Piaget's Cognitive Stages: Stages of cognitive development (infancy through adolescence).
• Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory: Emphasis on culture's role in development.
• Erikson's Psychosocial Stages: Stages of personality development (infancy to adulthood).
• Permissive Parenting: Low control, high warmth.
• Cognitive Development: Continuous process of learning and adaptation.

Exploration of human development theories, including definitions, traditional and cultural perspectives, and key theorists like Piaget and Erikson. Includes attachment theories and early infant development.