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Questions and Answers
What is human development?
Changes that all human beings face across their lifespan.
Which of the following factors affect growth and development? (Select all that apply)
Growth and development occur at predictable rates for all individuals.
False
Who developed the theory of cognitive development?
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What does Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory emphasize?
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Match the developmental theories with their focus:
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Study Notes
Human Development
- Human development encompasses changes throughout life, driven by age, experiences, genetics, and their interactions.
Growth and Development (G&D)
- Growth is the measurable physical increase in an individual.
- Development is the progressive and continuous process of increasing skills and functional capacity.
- Individuals progress through phases of G&D at different rates.
- Nurses should understand typical phases, identify deviations and develop appropriate care plans.
- Developmental theories offer frameworks to understand the impact of early life experiences on development.
- Theories are categorized as natural, biomedical, social, and behavioral.
Factors Affecting G&D
- Factors influencing G&D include heredity, temperament, family, peer groups, health environment, nutrition, rest, sleep, exercise, living and political environments, life experiences, prenatal health, and individual health status.
What is a Theory?
- A theory is an organized, often observable, logical set of statements about a subject, aiming to explain the world.
Developmental Theories Explained
- Developmental theories model how and why individuals develop.
- Mechanisms within each theory explain developmental tasks.
Biophysical Developmental Theories
- Focus on physical body growth and changes across different stages of life.
- Changes can be compared against standardized norms.
Gessell’s Theory of Maturational Development
- Gene activity directs growth and development.
- Follows a fixed sequence, with critical periods influencing functionality.
Chess and Thomas’s Theory of Temperament Development
- Biologically based temperament characteristics influence interactions with others and the environment.
Cognitive Developmental Theories
- Focus on reasoning and thinking operations.
- Explore how people learn and understand the world.
- Emphasize the interaction between individuals and their environment.
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
- Stages include:
- Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years)
- Preoperational (2 to 7 years)
- Concrete operations (7 to 11 years)
- Formal operations (11 years to adulthood)
Moral Developmental Theories
- Morality is a code of conduct guiding actions and thoughts.
- Moral development is a gradual understanding of morality.
- Individuals apply their knowledge throughout development.
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Description
Explore the intricate processes of human growth and development throughout life. This quiz covers key developmental theories and the factors influencing individual progress. Understand how various elements such as heredity and environment shape the G&D phases.
