Human Development Theories in Healthcare

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors influences physical development?

  • Genetics
  • Nutrition
  • Function of the central nervous system
  • All of the above (correct)

According to Erikson's stages, what is the primary developmental task of a young adult (19-40 years old)?

  • Industry vs. Inferiority
  • Intimacy vs. Isolation (correct)
  • Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
  • Trust vs. Mistrust

Who is credited with developing the theory of cognitive development based on observations of children's learning patterns?

  • Sigmund Freud
  • Lawrence Kohlberg
  • Jean Piaget (correct)
  • Erik Erikson

What is the primary concern for patients of all ages?

<p>Safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of understanding human development theories in healthcare?

<p>To tailor care and patient teaching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a factor that influences growth and development?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the developmental pattern that moves from the center of the body outward?

<p>Proximodistal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the increasing complexity of skills as an individual develops?

<p>Development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a principle of growth and development?

<p>Lateral (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do 'Biological/Hereditary Factors' influence growth and development?

<p>They can cause developmental delays or prevent developmental tasks from being achieved. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the physical changes in size that occur during growth?

<p>Growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify an example that demonstrates the influence of 'Environmental Factors' on growth and development.

<p>A child's exposure to lead paint in an old house. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kohlberg's theory, what stage of moral development is characterized by individuals obeying laws to protect others' welfare?

<p>Postconventional (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a typical developmental aspect of middle-aged adults regarding their spiritual beliefs?

<p>They may find it easier to cope with illness and death due to their stronger faith and sense of purpose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a typical change associated with physical development in older adults?

<p>Increased reaction time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which stage characterizes the developmental task of older adults, focusing on reflecting on their life experiences and finding meaning?

<p>Integrity vs. Despair (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a misconception about cognitive development in older adults?

<p>There is a significant decline in their intelligence quotient (IQ). (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of a licensed nurse when delegating tasks?

<p>To supervise all care provided by assistive personnel (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial consideration when delegating care of children to unlicensed personnel?

<p>The age of the child (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What developmental stage is characterized by the establishment of a career and search for meaningful relationships?

<p>Young adulthood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson, what is the key developmental task for young adults?

<p>Establishing emotional intimacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common health concern for young adults despite being in their best physical condition?

<p>Increased cholesterol levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect can a lack of introspection have on young adults?

<p>Isolation and superficial relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age range is considered optimal for childbearing in women?

<p>15 to 44 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of psychosocial development do young adults focus on during this stage?

<p>Emotional intimacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive change is commonly seen in middle adulthood?

<p>Enhanced problem-solving skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following physical changes typically occur during middle adulthood?

<p>Decreased muscle tone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During middle adulthood, how do adults generally approach moral concepts?

<p>Through a broader contextual understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial development aspect is emphasized in Erikson's theory for middle adults?

<p>Generativity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical educational behavior of middle-aged adults?

<p>Seeking further education to advance careers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common change in cognitive abilities during middle adulthood?

<p>Longer processing times for new information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can middle-aged adults maintain cardiovascular health?

<p>By engaging in regular physical exercise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important area of instruction for parents of toddlers to prevent accidents?

<p>Car seat installation and usage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do older adults typically base their moral decisions?

<p>On their own principles and beliefs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of older adults’ lives often helps them cope with grief from losing friends and loved ones?

<p>Spiritual beliefs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common safety concern for young adults?

<p>Concerns for their children while not at home (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health concern is particularly relevant for middle-aged adults?

<p>Strenuous physical injuries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one recommended health screening for older adults?

<p>Vision screenings for eye disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might influence the recovery of younger adults when hospitalized?

<p>Anxiety over finances, work, and family responsibilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should healthcare professionals encourage for cardiovascular health in older adults?

<p>Regular blood pressure monitoring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is crucial for ensuring the safety of children during play?

<p>Teaching safe behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Theories of Development

Frameworks that describe and organize human growth.

Physical Development

Refers to physical size and functioning influenced by genetics and nutrition.

Psychosocial Development

Development in defined stages, each with specific tasks to master, according to Erikson.

Cognitive Development

The process of learning and understanding from birth to adolescence, studied by Piaget.

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Endocrine System

A system that influences physical development through hormones.

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Growth

Physical changes in size and structure of the body.

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Development

The increasing complexity of skills and psychological milestones.

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Cephalocaudal Growth

Development from the head downwards.

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Proximodistal Growth

Development from the center of the body outward.

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Biological Factors

Genetic influences and physical/mental impairments affecting development.

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Environmental Factors

External influences like nutrition and pollution on development.

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Social Factors

Cultural expectations and social support affecting development.

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Developmental Challenges

Issues like violence or neglect that hinder healthy development.

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Postconventional Moral Development

The stage where laws are obeyed for the welfare of others, as described by Kohlberg.

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Integrity vs. Despair

Erikson’s stage for older adults, focusing on reflection and finding meaning in life.

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Healthy Lifestyle for Older Adults

Encouragement for individuals aged 65+ to maintain wellness through good habits.

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Cognitive Stability in Aging

Older adults maintain long-term memory but may experience slower reaction times and decreased short-term recall.

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Aging Process

The lifelong progression of changes, starting at birth, impacting physical abilities in older adults.

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Delegation in Nursing

The process of assigning care responsibilities to others while maintaining accountability.

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Unlicensed Personnel Supervision

The expectation for licensed nurses to oversee care provided by unlicensed individuals.

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Child Care Delegation

Ensuring appropriate care for children when assigned to unlicensed staff.

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Stages of Adult Development

Divided into young adult, middle adult, and older adult stages, representing growth in adulthood.

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Young Adult Stage

A life phase from 19 to 40 years, marked by peak physical and psychological development.

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Intimacy vs Isolation

Erikson's developmental task for young adults focused on forming intimate relationships.

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Physical Peak of Young Adults

Young adults typically experience their best physical condition and optimal functioning of body systems.

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Psychosocial Development in Young Adults

Establishing emotional connections and roles such as partners or parents during young adulthood.

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Middle Adulthood

A life stage for individuals aged 40 to 64 characterized by cognitive, physical, and psychosocial developments.

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Cognitive Development (Middle Age)

Middle-aged adults show less egocentrism and improve problem-solving through experience, albeit with slower learning.

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Moral Development

Middle-aged adults create personal values and understand morality in context rather than rigid absolutes.

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Physical Changes

Physical abilities decline slightly in middle age, with exercise crucial for maintaining health and managing hormonal changes.

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Generativity

Erikson's stage where middle-aged adults focus on community service and meaningful contributions.

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Psychosocial Comfort

Middle-aged adults often feel content with achievements and comfortable in family roles.

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Learning Capacity

Middle-aged adults can learn new things, but processing information takes more time than in youth.

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Child Safety Teaching

Parents need education on toddler safety to prevent accidents and ensure children's safety.

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Moral Development in Older Adults

Older adults base moral decisions on their own principles, respecting different values.

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Spirituality and Grief

Spiritual beliefs help older adults cope with grief from losing loved ones.

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Safety in Young Adults

They focus on safety concerns for children when not at home.

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Workplace Safety in Middle Adults

Concerns about workplace safety may be overlooked by middle-aged adults.

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Health Teaching for Older Adults

Encourage yearly checks, exercise, and healthy living for older adults.

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Anxiety in Hospitalized Young Adults

Hospitalization can increase anxiety regarding work, finances, and family.

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Stress in Middle-age Hospitalization

Middle-aged adults may feel stress due to family responsibilities while hospitalized.

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Health Screenings for Older Adults

Encourage screenings for diseases like diabetes and heart conditions.

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