Human Development Across the Lifespan

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary subject matter of the work referenced in the content?

  • Educational Psychology
  • Legal Rights in Publishing
  • Digital Content Management
  • Human Development (correct)

Who are the authors of the work mentioned?

  • Star Burruto and Nedah Rose
  • Robert V. Kail and John C. Cavanaugh (correct)
  • Marta Lee-Perriard and Leah Jenson
  • Andrew Ginsberg and Marta Lee-Perriard

Which edition of the work is cited in the content?

  • Eighth Edition (correct)
  • First Edition
  • Fifth Edition
  • Third Edition

What restriction is notably mentioned regarding the content?

<p>It includes third-party content that may be suppressed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does Marta Lee-Perriard hold in the production of the work?

<p>Product Director (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may Cengage Learning do regarding the content in the future?

<p>Remove additional content if rights restrictions require it. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of permissions process is mentioned in the content?

<p>Online permission requests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the contact number provided for Cengage Customer & Sales Support?

<p>1-800-354-9706 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Piaget's account in cognitive development?

<p>The onset of thinking and reasoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two fundamental processes in Piaget's theory related to learning?

<p>Accommodation and assimilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive stage according to Piaget corresponds to children primarily using symbols and exploring logic?

<p>Preoperational Stage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of cognitive development do researchers highlight when evaluating Piaget's theory?

<p>Neglect of children’s social environments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key term in developmental psychology describes the understanding of others' mental states?

<p>Theory of Mind (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is directly related to children applying their knowledge and adapting to new information?

<p>Assimilation process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main conclusion drawn from evaluating Piaget’s theory regarding children’s reasoning capabilities?

<p>Children’s reasoning evolves with age. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the period when children develop their initial understanding of the world through sensory experiences?

<p>Sensorimotor Stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of the content in the eighth edition of the text?

<p>Inclusiveness across various demographics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter features a new Real People section on a notable individual?

<p>Chapter 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of prenatal care received new material in the eighth edition?

<p>Nutrition during pregnancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What notable updates were made concerning pregnancy in the eighth edition?

<p>Much revised coverage of fetal development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature was revised and now reflects modern views on conception?

<p>What Do You Think? (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many new reference citations were added to the eighth edition?

<p>Several hundred from the past 3 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one reason some third-party content may not be included in the eBook?

<p>Legal rights restrictions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an aspect emphasized in inclusiveness?

<p>Socioeconomic status (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Vygotsky's theory in early childhood development?

<p>The influence of socio-cultural factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does attention NOT impact in early childhood development?

<p>Physical development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept is associated with the optimal learning stage in Vygotsky's theory?

<p>Zone of Proximal Development (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the technique of providing supportive learning structures to assist a child’s learning?

<p>Scaffolding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In early childhood, how do infants typically begin to develop language skills?

<p>By imitating sounds and gestures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about private speech in early childhood?

<p>It indicates a lack of social skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase do children typically develop the most significant attachment bonds according to Erikson’s stages?

<p>Trust vs. Mistrust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about memory in early childhood is accurate?

<p>Language acquisition enhances memory retention. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does scaffolding play in a child's development?

<p>It promotes independent learning through support. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of language development in early childhood?

<p>Reading Comprehension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is John C. Cavanaugh's current role?

<p>President and CEO of the Consortium of Universities of the Washington Metropolitan Area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which notable award did the individual mentioned first receive?

<p>American Psychological Association's Young Scientist Award (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of human development is Kail's research primarily focused on?

<p>Cognitive development during childhood and adolescence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which university does John C. Cavanaugh have a PhD from?

<p>University of Notre Dame (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key area of research interest for Cavanaugh?

<p>Family caregiving in older adults (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What professional title does Kail hold at the University of Heidelberg?

<p>Honorary Professor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In addition to his research, what activity does Kail enjoy during his leisure time?

<p>Photography and working out (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of older adults does Cavanaugh's research examine?

<p>Role of beliefs in cognitive performance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the modified chronological approach to organization?

<p>Integrating both chronological and topical aspects of human development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which life stages are emphasized in the modified chronological approach?

<p>Infancy, adolescence, young adulthood, middle adulthood, and late life. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of allowing narrowly defined age-stage divisions in human development?

<p>It oversimplifies complex developmental processes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is a chronological approach sometimes debated in the context of human development?

<p>It can neglect the interrelations between different developmental aspects. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The modified chronological approach aims to address which of the following concerns?

<p>The challenge of integrating developmental topics over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key element of the modified chronological approach's overall organization?

<p>A systematic representation of development from conception through various life stages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which way does the modified chronological approach enhance the study of development?

<p>By capturing the continuity of cognitive and social development across larger segments of life. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the modified chronological approach differ from a purely topical approach?

<p>It combines specific developmental stages with topical issues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Human Development

The process of change and growth throughout life, examining how individuals develop physically, cognitively, and socioemotionally.

Developmental Science

The study of how people change physically, cognitively, and socioemotionally throughout the lifespan.

Physical Development

Changes in physical structure and functioning.

Cognitive Development

Changes in thought, intelligence, and language.

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Socioemotional Development

Changes in emotions, personality, and relationships.

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Stage Theories

The idea that development occurs in stages, each with unique characteristics.

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Universal Influences

Influences on development that are universal, common to all individuals.

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Contextual Influences

Influences on development that are specific to individuals.

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Gerontology

The field of study focusing on aging and the experiences of older adults.

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McCandless Young Scientist Award

An academic award given to a young scientist by the American Psychological Association.

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Distinguished Sesquicentennial Alumnus in Psychology

A title given to a notable alumnus of Ohio Wesleyan University., signifying outstanding achievements in psychology.

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Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science

A prestigious group of scientists dedicated to furthering psychological research.

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Honorary Professor

A title given to a person who has made significant contributions to a university.

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Cognitive Performance of Older Adults

A type of research that examines the role of beliefs in how well older adults think.

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Theory of Mind

The understanding that others have different thoughts, beliefs, and perspectives.

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Accommodation

The process of altering existing mental structures to incorporate new information.

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Assimilation

The process of using existing mental structures to interpret new information.

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Sensorimotor Stage

The stage of cognitive development in which children learn through sensory and motor experiences.

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Preoperational Stage

The stage of cognitive development in which children begin to use symbols and language.

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Concrete Operational Stage

The stage of cognitive development in which children develop the ability to think logically.

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Formal Operational Stage

The stage of cognitive development in which children develop the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically.

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Topical Approach

A way of organizing the study of human development by following a specific topic throughout the lifespan, such as personality or cognitive development.

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Chronological Approach

Examining how people change physically, cognitively, and socioemotionally at different periods of life, such as infancy or adolescence.

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Modified Chronological Approach

A combination of the chronological and topical approaches to human development; examining both age-related changes and the continuity of specific topics throughout the lifespan.

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What is Trust?

A state of emotional and psychological well-being marked by trust in and reliance on a caregiver, often a parent or primary attachment figure.

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Attachment

A strong emotional bond that forms between infants and their primary caregivers, typically characterized by a desire for closeness, comfort, and security.

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Erikson's Stages of Development

A concept developed by Erikson, suggesting that individuals progress through a series of psychosocial stages, each marked by a unique developmental challenge that needs to be successfully resolved for healthy development.

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Attachment Quality

The quality of attachment between an infant and their caregiver, which can be secure, insecure-avoidant, insecure-ambivalent, or disorganized. The quality of attachment can significantly influence the child's emotional, social, and cognitive development.

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Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

The range of tasks that a child can accomplish with the help of a more skilled individual, but cannot yet complete independently.

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Scaffolding

A method of providing assistance to a learner that is tailored to their specific needs and gradually withdrawn as they become more competent.

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Private Speech

Self-talk that is audible to others and helps children regulate their behavior, plan their actions, and solve problems.

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Study Notes

Book Organization

  • The book uses a modified chronological approach to human development
  • It combines elements of chronological and topical approaches
  • It covers development from conception to late life in a sequential order
  • Chapters focus on specific life stages (infancy, adolescence) and broad topics (social, cognitive development)
  • Some chapters trace development across lifespan segments

Book Focus

  • The book emphasizes diversity (ethnicity, gender, race, age, ability, sexual orientation)
  • Updated with recent research references (within the last 3 years)
  • Added/updated content across several chapters (e.g., Chapter 1 - Muhammad Ali, Chapter 2 - conception, nutrition, non-invasive prenatal testing)

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