Human Blood Cells and Circulation Quiz

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Which blood cell type is primarily responsible for attacking and killing parasites?

Neutrophil

Eosinophil (correct)

Basophil

Monocyte

Which cell type is known for creating antibodies to defend against pathogens?

Macrophage

Lymphocyte (correct)

Monocyte

Phagocyte

What is a primary function of neutrophils in the immune response?

Secreting histamine

Killing and digesting bacteria and fungi (correct)

Destroying cancer cells

Creating antibodies

Which blood cell has a significant role in the detection, engulfing, and destruction of pathogens?

Macrophage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood cells is characterized by a large surface area for efficient diffusion?

Erythrocyte Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of erythrocytes in blood?

Transport oxygen to tissues Signup and view all the answers

Which component of plasma is most responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ions is NOT typically found in blood plasma?

Iron (Fe) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of leukocytes in blood?

Defense against pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which component makes up the majority of blood volume?

Plasma Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes arterioles from arteries?

Arterioles link arteries to capillaries and are much smaller. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following characteristics is true for veins?

Veins have valves to prevent backflow of blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

To serve as the site for the exchange of gases and nutrients. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is correct regarding the blood characteristics in arteries and veins?

Arteries typically carry oxygenated blood, while veins carry deoxygenated blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of arterioles in the circulatory system?

To control blood flow to specific tissues based on their needs. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tendinous cords in the heart?

To prevent backflow of blood through the AV valves Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the aorta?

It is the largest artery and carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the correct pairing of heart chambers and their blood flow direction.

Left ventricle - Oxygen-rich blood to aorta Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the function of the superior and inferior vena cavas?

The superior vena cava collects blood from the upper body, and the inferior vena cava collects blood from the lower body. Signup and view all the answers

Which heart feature is primarily responsible for the initial intake of blood returning from the body?

Right atrium Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pulmonary artery in the circulatory system?

It carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about veins and arteries is correct?

Arteries carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body. Signup and view all the answers

Which substances are absorbed into the blood as it passes through the small intestine?

Water, vitamins, and glucose Signup and view all the answers

What type of blood returns to the heart via the vena cava?

Deoxygenated blood from the body Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for carrying blood from the heart to the kidneys?

Renal artery Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the left AV valve close?

Atrial systole ends Signup and view all the answers

What physiological change occurs during isovolumetric contraction?

All heart valves are closed Signup and view all the answers

Which heart sound corresponds with the closure of the aortic valve?

S2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the heart rate when one complete cardiac cycle lasts 0.6 seconds?

110 beats per minute Signup and view all the answers

What delivery capacity change occurs between the left and right ventricles?

Right ventricle has lower pumping pressure than left ventricle Signup and view all the answers

At which time does the AV valve close in relation to the left atrium pressure?

At 0.5 seconds when the pressure remains at 8 Signup and view all the answers

Which event occurs at 0.5 seconds in the cardiac cycle?

The AV valve is still open while the left ventricle pressure rises Signup and view all the answers

What condition must be met for the semilunar valve to remain closed?

Pressure in the left ventricle drops below aortic pressure Signup and view all the answers

During which time does the pressure in the left ventricle exceed the pressure in the aorta first during the cycle?

0.5 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pressure in the left ventricle at 0.6 seconds?

It remains constant at 75 Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are the AV valves closed?

Ventricular Systole Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the semi-lunar valves during Diastole?

They are closed. Signup and view all the answers

Which sequence correctly describes blood flow during Atrial Systole?

From atrium to ventricle. Signup and view all the answers

How long does one complete cardiac cycle take?

0.8 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the state of the heart during Ventricular Systole?

Ventricles are contracted, atria are relaxed. Signup and view all the answers

What initiates the electrical activity in the heart that causes its contraction?

The Sino-atrial node Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Purkinje fibres in the cardiac conduction system?

They transmit impulses from the AVN to the ventricles Signup and view all the answers

Why is the heart muscle described as myogenic?

It can generate its own contractions independently Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of the time delay at the AVN?

It ensures that the atria empty completely before the ventricles contract Signup and view all the answers

Which path does the electrical impulse follow after leaving the AVN?

Through the Bundles of His to the ventricular walls Signup and view all the answers

What does the P wave in an ECG represent?

Depolarisation of the atria Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the delay between the P wave and the QRS wave?

It allows time for the ventricles to fill with blood Signup and view all the answers

Which wave in the ECG indicates the recovery phase of the ventricles?

T wave Signup and view all the answers

How is the heart rate calculated from an ECG trace?

By measuring the time interval between successive QRS waves Signup and view all the answers

In an ECG, what does the QRS wave indicate?

Depolarisation of the ventricles and subsequent contraction Signup and view all the answers