Human Biology Quiz

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Which vital function is primarily responsible for maintaining a stable internal environment in the body?

Blood Circulation
Homeostasis (correct)
Brain Function
Respiration

What is the primary function of the mitochondria in the human body?

Produce ATP (correct)
Absorb nutrients
Store fat
Secrete hormones

How many kilocalories are typically required per day for an average human female?

2500 Kcal
2200 Kcal
2000 Kcal (correct)
1800 Kcal

In which part of the digestive system are proteins primarily broken down with the help of pepsin?

Stomach (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which macronutrient provides the highest caloric value per gram?

Lipids (B) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes amylose from glycogen?

Glycogen has a higher number of glucose residues than amylose. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about cellulose is true?

Cellulose has β-1,4 linkages between its glucose units. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What role does dietary fiber play in the human body?

It promotes fermentation in the colon, leading to anti-inflammatory substances. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly identifies essential amino acids?

The body cannot produce essential amino acids and must obtain them from the diet. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes complex lipids?

They contain glycerol and fatty acids which can undergo polymerization. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of carbohydrate is cellulose classified as?

A polymer of glucose with β linkages (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about lipids is true?

Complex lipids are linked to glycerol or other components. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of fiber in relation to carbohydrates and lipids?

Inhibits the absorption of carbohydrates and lipids. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which group differentiates between amino acids in terms of diet needs?

Essential vs. Non-Essential (C) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?

Unsaturated fatty acids possess double bonds. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What are monosaccharides primarily characterized by?

Their single sugar unit and inability to hydrolyze (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the process of glycogen synthesis?

It is stimulated by high blood glucose levels. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary relationship described by energy balance in human physiology?

Energy intake must equal energy expenditure for weight maintenance. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these components is NOT typically included in the nutritional composition of human tissues?

Vitamins (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the components of living organisms?

Organic molecules make up a significant percentage of body weight. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotides are classified as purines?

Adenine and Guanine (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of buffer systems in the body?

They help maintain a stable pH by neutralizing acids and bases. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of pH balance in bodily functions?

It affects enzyme activity and chemical reactions. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT typically a part of adipose tissue composition?

DNA (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the body regulate pH levels?

Through respiratory rate adjustments and buffer systems. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is formed during peptide bond formation?

Nitrogen-carbon bond (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is characterized by the sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds?

Primary structure (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonds contribute to the tertiary structure of a protein?

Hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bridges (B), Hydrogen bonds and ionic bonds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes quaternary structure in proteins?

It is formed by multiple polypeptide chains assembling together. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which biological role is NOT associated with proteins?

Storage of genetic information (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of pepsin in the stomach?

Converts pepsinogen into an active enzyme (B) Signup and view all the answers

How much energy is released from the breakdown of triglycerides?

9 kcal/g (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fatty acid has no double bonds?

Saturated fatty acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product of peptide digestion?

Amino acids (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is specifically associated with protein digestion?

Insulin (C) Signup and view all the answers

Amylose vs. Glycogen

Amylose is a type of starch with a linear structure and fewer glucose residues than glycogen, a branched starch.

Cellulose Structure

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers linked by β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. This linkage makes it indigestible for humans.

Dietary Fiber Function

Dietary fiber is a type of carbohydrate that cannot be digested by human enzymes. It helps regulate blood sugar, promotes gut health, and lowers cholesterol.

Lipids: Triglycerides & Fatty Acids

Triglycerides (TG) and fatty acids (FAs) are essential components of lipids. Simple lipids are classified into AGMI and AGPI based on the type of fatty acids.