Human Biology Overview and Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of white blood cells (WBCs)?

Mineral storage

Defense mechanism (correct)

Clotting factors

Gaseous exchange

Which of the following types of cartilage provides elasticity?

Elastic cartilage (correct)

Hyaline cartilage

Fibro-cartilage

Compact cartilage

What are the normal white blood cell (WBC) count ranges?

8000-12000

2000-6000

4000-11000 (correct)

6000-14000

Which muscle type is found in the walls of the heart?

Cardiac muscles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about red blood cells (RBCs) is true?

RBCs are enucleated cells. Signup and view all the answers

Which white blood cell count may indicate a patient has leukemia?

Count of 90000 Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are osteocytes?

Bone cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of blood platelets?

Clotting factors Signup and view all the answers

Which connective tissue type is responsible for keeping air pathways open?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of simple squamous epithelial tissue?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following locations is NOT associated with cuboidal epithelial tissue?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of connective tissues?

They have a large amount of substance between cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of proper connective tissue is primarily responsible for energy storage?

Adipose connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pseudo compound ciliated epithelial tissue located?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates compound epithelial tissue from simple epithelial tissue?

Number of cell layers Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a function of muscular tissue?

Protection Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue forms a framework for organs such as the liver?

Reticular connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT true for epithelial tissues?

They are highly vascularized Signup and view all the answers

Which type of blood cells lack the hemoglobin pigment and are the largest among the blood cells?

White blood cells Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Biology Overview

Human biology studies the human body, focusing on basic foundational topics that will be expanded on in subsequent courses (anatomy and histology).
Histology is the study of tissues.

Tissue Hierarchy

Cells combine to form tissues.
Tissues combine to form organs.
Organs combine to form systems.

Types of Tissues

Tissues are groups of cells working together to perform specific functions.
Four main tissue types: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous.

Epithelial Tissue

Epithelial tissues cover surfaces.
Cells rest on a basement membrane.
There is little material between the tissue cells.
Types of epithelial tissues include:
- Simple epithelial tissue: One layer of cells.
- Compound epithelial tissue: More than one layer of cells.
  - Types of compound epithelial tissue:
    - Simple squamous epithelial tissue: Location: digestive system; Function: protection.
    - Cuboidal epithelial tissue: Location: glands, kidney; Function: secretion
    - Columnar epithelial tissue: Location: glands of the stomach, villi of the small intestine; Function: absorption.
    - Compound squamous epithelial tissue: Location: skin, esophagus; Function: protection.
    - Pseudo compound ciliated epithelial tissue: Location: nose, trachea; Function: protection from dust and germs.

Connective Tissue

Connective tissues do not cover surfaces.
They are not anchored to basement membranes.
The substance between cells is abundant.
Types of connective tissues include:
- Proper connective tissue:
  - Adipose connective tissue: Location: under skin; Function: energy storage, insulation, and shock absorption.
  - Elastic connective tissue: Location: lungs, blood vessels, vocal cords; Function: elasticity.
  - Fibrous connective tissue: Location: tendons; Function: connects muscles to bones.
  - Reticular connective tissue: Location: spleen, liver, bone marrow; Function: connection.
- Vascular connective tissue: Blood with blood cells (WBCs, RBCs, platelets).
  - White blood cells (WBCs): Location: blood; Function: defense mechanism.
    - WBCs are the largest blood cells and lack hemoglobin. They have various forms depending on their specific role in the immune system.
    - Normal WBC count: 4000-11000. Abnormal counts can indicate various diseases:
      - Higher than 12000: possible flu
      - Higher than 90000: possible blood cancer (leukemia)
      - Lower than 1000: possible AIDS (HIV) or typhoid fever.
  - Red blood cells (RBCs): Location: blood; Function: gaseous exchange.
    - smaller than WBCs
    - have a disc biconcave shape
    - are enucleated (no nucleus)
    - lifespan: 90-120 days
    - dead cells go to the spleen and liver
    - bone marrow produces new cells
    - contain hemoglobin
  - Platelets: Location: blood; Function: clotting factors.

Skeletal Connective Tissue

Types of skeletal connective tissue include:
- Bone: Location: skeletal system; Function: movement, protection, support, attachment defining body shape, mineral storage, and blood cell production.
- Compact bone has a Haversian system or osteon, with Haversian canals.
- Cartilage: Location: trachea, nose, ear pinnae; Function: Provides structural support.
  - Types of cartilage:
    - Hyaline cartilage: Location: trachea; Function: keep airway open always
    - Elastic cartilage: Location: nose, ear pinnae; Function: elasticity
    - Fibro-cartilage: Location: between tendons and bones; Function: allows movement

Muscular Tissue

Types of muscular tissue:
- Smooth muscle: Location: wall of digestive system; Function: movement.
- Skeletal muscle: Location: skeletal system; Function: movement.
- Cardiac muscle: Location: wall of heart; Function: blood pumping.

Nervous Tissue

Location: nervous system
Function: transmitting nerve impulses

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Description

This quiz covers the foundational concepts of human biology, focusing on the structure and functions of human tissues. It explores the hierarchy of biological organization from cells to systems, including the four main types of tissues: epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous. Prepare for further studies in anatomy and histology through this essential overview.