Human Biology Kidneys Quiz

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the primary function of the afferent arteriole?

Carries blood away from glomerulus
Carries filtered blood to circulation
Reabsorbs glucose in the kidneys
Supplies blood to the glomerulus (correct)

The normal urine composition consists of approximately 90% water and 10% solid wastes.

False (B)

Name one abnormal constituent that can be found in urine and its potential cause.

Blood; caused by infection, kidney stones, or tumors.

The primary hormone that regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys is called ______.

ADH Signup and view all the answers

Match the following constituents of urine with their types:

Urea = Organic Sodium Chloride = Inorganic Creatinine = Organic Potassium Chloride = Inorganic Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the renal tubule is primarily responsible for reabsorbing glucose and sodium?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (D) Signup and view all the answers

Sweetish urine may indicate the presence of sufficient insulin in the body.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical volume of urine produced per day in a healthy individual?

1 to 1.5 liters Signup and view all the answers

What hormone controls the concentration of urine in the body?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) (A) Signup and view all the answers

Excessive uric acid can lead to gout or kidney stones.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the total amount of water loss in a healthy adult?

2500 mL Signup and view all the answers

The kidneys remove waste products and maintain the body's __________ composition.

water Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of water gain with their amounts (in mL):

In drinks = 1500 In food = 700 Metabolic water = 300 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contributes the least to daily water loss?

In faeces (C) Signup and view all the answers

The blood flowing through the renal artery is deoxygenated.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition may occur when the intestines lose the ability to absorb water, leading to dehydration?

Cholera Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Bowman's capsule?

Contain the glomerulus (C) Signup and view all the answers

The Loop of Henle is a convoluted part of the kidney tubule.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

How many liters of urine are produced daily after reabsorption?

1.2 liters Signup and view all the answers

The _____ connects the glomerulus and the Bowman's capsule.

Bowman's capsule Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the kidney tubule is primarily responsible for reabsorption?

Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of tiny uriniferous tubules in the kidneys?

2 million Signup and view all the answers

Match the kidney tubule parts with their functions:

Proximal Convoluted Tubule = Reabsorption of substances Bowman's capsule = Houses glomerulus Loop of Henle = Maintains osmotic balance Collecting ducts = Form urine Signup and view all the answers

The _____ feeds blood into the glomerulus via afferent arterioles.

renals arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the glomerulus in the kidney?

Filtration of blood (D) Signup and view all the answers

The efferent arteriole is wider than the afferent arteriole, contributing to high blood pressure in the glomerulus.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main structural and functional unit of the kidney called?

Nephron Signup and view all the answers

The liquid part of the blood that is forced into Bowman's capsule is known as __________.

glomerular filtrate Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a nephron is primarily responsible for the reabsorption of water and nutrients?

Proximal convoluted tubule (D) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nephron structures with their respective functions:

Bowman's capsule = Initial filtration of blood Loop of Henle = Concentration of urine Distal convoluted tubule = Selective reabsorption and secretion Proximal convoluted tubule = Reabsorption of water and nutrients Signup and view all the answers

Tubular secretion involves the transport of useful substances back to the blood.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the final product left after the processes of reabsorption and tubular secretion?

Urine Signup and view all the answers

What is the glomerulus?

A knot-like mass of blood capillaries inside the Bowman's capsule, responsible for filtering blood.

What is the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT)?

The starting convoluted (coiled) region of the kidney tubule, closer to the Bowman's capsule. It's where most reabsorption of nutrients and water occurs.

What is the Loop of Henle?

A U-shaped portion of the tubule that runs through the medulla and returns to the cortex. It's involved in regulating water and salt balance.

What is the Distal Convoluted Tubule (DCT)?

The end part of the kidney tubule, situated in the cortex, leading to the collecting ducts. It further adjusts the composition of urine.