Human Biology: Gut Health and Appendicitis

<p>10:1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mutualism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It influences the levels of serotonin in the body, which can affect mood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatic proteases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To break down di- and tri-peptides into single amino acids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amino acids are passively absorbed into the absorptive cells via diffusion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incorporation into cell proteins (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By controlling the production of both parathyroid hormone and vitamin D. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stimulates the breakdown of bone to release calcium into the bloodstream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight loss (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organ meats (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pancreatitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GI side effects (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increase insulin production (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weight gain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It increases blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atkins diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose and fructose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Triggers glucose uptake into cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>First pass effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is converted into glycogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport monosaccharides to the liver (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Post-prandial phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sucrose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin binding to receptors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They emulsify lipids, increasing enzyme access. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the small intestine, after emulsification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate the digestion of triglycerides. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The insolubility of lipids affecting enzyme access. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipases present in pancreatic juices. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digests starch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trypsin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscular contractions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Activate gallstones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lipase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oral ingestion of bile acids (A), High energy shock waves (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brush border enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To produce digestive enzymes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder, often due to gallstones.

Solid particles formed from bile in the gallbladder, can block bile ducts.

An accessory digestive organ that produces digestive enzymes and hormones.

A fluid produced by the pancreas containing digestive enzymes.

An enzyme in pancreatic juice that digests starch into sugar.

A protease enzyme activated in the intestine that digests proteins.

An enzyme in pancreatic juice that digests triglycerides into fatty acids.

Enzymes present on the intestinal lining that activate trypsin and aid digestion.

A small pouch in the lower abdomen, thought to store good bacteria.

Inflammation of the appendix, causing pain in the lower right abdomen.

Inflammation of the peritoneal cavity, often due to a ruptured appendix.

Colonies of bacteria that start forming in the gut at birth.

Microorganisms in the gut, outweighing human cells by 10 times.

Appendix can help re-colonize the colon with good bacteria post-diarrhea.

Diet affects the growth of gut microbial colonies.

Serotonin levels can be affected by gut bacteria, influencing mood disorders.

Triglycerides are mainly digested by lingual lipase, accounting for less than 10% of fat digestion.

An enzyme that begins the digestion of triglycerides in the mouth with saliva.

The process by which bile salts break down lipids into small droplets for easier digestion.

Bile salts enhance lipid digestion by breaking lipids into smaller droplets, improving access for lipases.

An enzyme that breaks down sucrose into glucose and fructose.

Simple sugars formed after carbohydrate digestion, like glucose and fructose.

Cells in the intestinal villi that absorb nutrients.

Blood vessels that transport absorbed nutrients to the liver.

The removal of nutrients from blood as it passes through the liver.

A storage form of glucose found in the liver and muscles.

A hormone that helps glucose enter cells for energy.

Process of glucose entering cells with the help of insulin.

A disaccharide made of glucose and galactose, digested by lactase.

Processes occurring after nutrient absorption, like converting glycogen back to glucose.

Insulin regulates glucose levels in the blood, especially for diabetes management.

A condition where the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels.

Medications that help lower blood sugar levels in those with type 2 diabetes.

A substance in the body that can impact heart health, particularly in diabetes management.

Dietary changes can improve weight loss, insulin control, and cardiovascular risk in diabetes.

Dietary changes can lead to GI issues, thyroid tumors, and other serious risks.

These are nutrient-dense but should be consumed cautiously due to potential health risks.

A condition characterized by abnormally low blood sugar levels, which can be dangerous.

An endopeptidase that cleaves protein bonds in the stomach.

Enzymes that cleave internal peptide bonds within proteins.

Enzymes that cleave peptide bonds from the ends of protein chains.

Enzymes from the pancreas that digest proteins into amino acids.

Amino acids are transported into blood from the intestine's absorptive cells.

Enzymes located on the intestinal lining that break down peptides into amino acids.

Process by which amino acids enter absorptive cells via transport proteins.