Human Biology: Chemical Basis of Life and Cells

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Questions and Answers

If a scientist is studying how the human body extracts energy from carbohydrates, which area of biological study is the MOST relevant?

Taxonomy, focusing on classifying different types of carbohydrates.
Physiology, focusing on metabolic processes. (correct)
Genetics, focusing on the DNA sequences that code for carbohydrate enzymes.
Anatomy, focusing on the structural composition of carbohydrates.

After a muscle cell uses a large amount of energy during exercise, which organelle would MOST likely be involved in helping to replenish this energy?

Ribosomes
Mitochondria (correct)
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes

A researcher is investigating a new drug that is designed to prevent the replication of viruses within the body. Which of the following biomolecules should this drug target to be MOST effective?

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids (correct)
Lipids

Which tissue type is responsible for conducting electrical signals throughout the body, enabling rapid communication between different parts of the organism?

Nervous tissue (D) Signup and view all the answers

A patient is diagnosed with a condition that impairs their body's ability to maintain fluid balance and fight off infections. Which of the following organ systems is MOST likely affected?

Lymphatic system (A) Signup and view all the answers

If a person is experiencing difficulty in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, which organ system is MOST likely malfunctioning?

Digestive system (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the structural organization of the human body, going from simplest to MOST complex?

Molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue is responsible for lining body cavities and covering body surfaces, providing protection and facilitating absorption or secretion?

Epithelial tissue (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the interaction between the skeletal and muscular systems?

Skeletal muscles attach to bones, enabling movement through muscle contraction. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) coordinate to respond to an external stimulus, such as touching a hot surface?

The PNS detects the stimulus and sends signals to the CNS, which processes the information and sends a motor command back through the PNS to initiate a response. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the interaction between the respiratory and cardiovascular systems facilitate oxygen delivery to body tissues?

The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange in the lungs, where oxygen diffuses into the blood and is transported by the cardiovascular system to tissues. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the lymphatic system in maintaining fluid balance and protecting the body from infection?

Filtering lymph to remove pathogens and returning fluid to the bloodstream. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do the digestive and endocrine systems coordinate to regulate blood glucose levels after a meal?

The digestive system breaks down food into glucose, and the endocrine system releases hormones like insulin to regulate glucose uptake and storage. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What role do the kidneys play in maintaining homeostasis within the body?

Filtering waste products from the blood and regulating fluid balance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does the interaction between the innate and adaptive immune systems provide a comprehensive defense against pathogens?

The innate immune system provides a rapid, non-specific response, while the adaptive immune system provides a slower, specific response that creates immunological memory. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the relationship between genes, DNA, and chromosomes?

Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that contain multiple genes. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do hormonal imbalances typically disrupt homeostasis in the human body?

By interfering with cell communication and regulatory processes. (D) Signup and view all the answers

During human development, what key process occurs during embryonic development that establishes the basic body plan?

Cell differentiation and morphogenesis (shaping of tissues and organs). (D) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Biology

The scientific study of life, including structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms.

The Human Body

A complex entity of cells, tissues, and organs.