Human Anatomy - Urogenital System Lecture 9
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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the urethra?

  • To store sperm
  • To transport urine to the exterior of the body (correct)
  • To produce urine
  • To regulate body temperature
  • What is the length of the male urethra?

  • 25-30 cm
  • 18-20 cm (correct)
  • 30-35 cm
  • 10-12 cm
  • What is the function of the internal urethral sphincter?

  • To regulate body temperature
  • To involuntarily control urination (correct)
  • To voluntarily control urination
  • To produce sperm
  • What is urinary incontinence?

    <p>The inability to control urination voluntarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the gonads?

    <p>To produce gametes and secrete hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the epididymis?

    <p>To store and protect sperm and facilitate their functional maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are the testes kept at a lower temperature than the core body temperature?

    <p>To facilitate sperm production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of the vas deferens?

    <p>40-45 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the kidneys in the urinary system?

    <p>To filter blood and maintain fluid balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that passes through the hilum of the kidney?

    <p>Renal artery, vein, and ureter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the length of each ureter?

    <p>25cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ureters in the urinary system?

    <p>To transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the kidneys in the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Posterior part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that connects the ureters to the urinary bladder?

    <p>Intramural oblique course</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the urinary bladder in the urinary system?

    <p>To store and eliminate urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the upper pole of the kidney and the adrenal gland?

    <p>The adrenal gland is related to the upper pole of the kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the vas deferens in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Peristaltic contractions to propel semen through the duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the seminal vesicles located in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Behind the base of the urinary bladder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the prostate gland in the male reproductive system?

    <p>Activation of sperm and nutrition of sperm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of prostatic hyperplasia in an aging male?

    <p>Trouble starting urination, weak stream, inability to urinate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the ovaries in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Production of female gametes and secretion of female sex hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does fertilization occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>In the ampulla of the uterine tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cervix in the female reproductive system?

    <p>The inferior portion of the uterus and protrudes into the vagina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the vagina and the urethra in the female reproductive system?

    <p>The vagina is related anteriorly to the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Urogenital System

    • The genitourinary system consists of the reproductive system and the urinary system.

    Urinary System

    • Consists of:
      • Two kidneys
      • Two ureters
      • Urinary bladder
      • Urethra
    • Kidneys:
      • Two bean-shaped organs in the posterior part of the abdominal cavity
      • Help the body pass waste as urine
      • Functions:
        • Maintain fluid balance
        • Filter blood
        • Create hormones that help produce red blood cells
      • Each kidney has:
        • Two poles (upper and lower)
        • Two borders (medial and lateral)
        • Upper pole is related to the adrenal gland
        • Medial border has the hilum of the kidney
    • Ureters:
      • A pair of muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
      • Each ureter begins at the funnel-shaped renal pelvis
      • Length: about 25cm
      • Function: transportation of urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
      • Penetrate the posterolateral angle of the urinary bladder by slit-like opening (intramural oblique course)
    • Urinary Bladder:
      • A muscular sac that contracts and empties urine through the urethra
      • Has:
        • Apex: anterior
        • Base: posterior (ureters enter at superolateral angles)
        • Neck: inferior end (exit of urethra and in males lies on the prostate)
    • Urethra:
      • Function: transports urine to the exterior of the body
      • Length:
        • Male urethra: 18-20 cm
        • Female urethra: about 4 cm
      • Sphincters:
        • Internal urethral sphincter at the bladder neck (involuntary)
        • External urethral sphincter (voluntary)

    Male Reproductive System

    • Consists of:
      • Gonads (Testes)
      • Ducts
      • Accessory glands
      • External genitalia
    • Testes:
      • Hang within the scrotum (protection from body temperature)
      • Function:
        • Secrete testosterone (male sex hormone)
        • Produce sperms (male gametes) at a rate of ½ billion/day
    • Epididymis:
      • A coiled tube (7 m) in length
      • Function: stores and protects sperms and facilitates their functional maturation
      • Tail of the epididymis is continuous with the vas deferens
    • Vas deferens:
      • A muscular tube (40–45 cm long)
      • Function: peristaltic contractions propel semen through the duct
    • Accessory glands:
      • Prostate (below the neck of the urinary bladder)
      • Seminal vesicle (behind the base of the urinary bladder)
      • Function:
        • Activation of sperm
        • Nutrition of sperm
        • Provide a fluid media for sperm propulsion

    Female Reproductive System

    • Consists of:
      • Gonads (Ovaries)
      • Ducts
      • Accessory glands
      • External genitalia
    • Ovaries:
      • Paired organs
      • Location: in the lateral pelvic wall
      • Function:
        • Produce female gametes, ovum (one per month)
        • Secrete female sex hormones, estrogens and progesterone
    • Uterine Tubes (Fallopian tubes):
      • Extend from the superolateral angles of the uterus to the ovaries
      • Site of fertilization (ampulla)
      • Function: transport the fertilized ovum towards the uterus
    • Uterus:
      • Pear-shaped organ
      • Divided into:
        • Body (largest portion)
        • Fundus (portion superior to the attachment of the uterine tubes)
        • Cervix (inferior portion)
    • Vagina:
      • Elastic, highly distensible, muscular tube
      • Extends between the cervix and the exterior
      • Related anteriorly to the urethra and posteriorly to the rectum and anal canal

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    Description

    Identify and describe the organs and structures of the urinary and reproductive systems, including the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, and male and female reproductive systems.

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