Human Anatomy Quiz: Vascular System
77 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which vein is responsible for draining the pelvis?

  • Renal Portal Vein
  • Femoral Vein
  • Pelvic Vein (correct)
  • Ventral Abdominal Vein

What does the Renal Portal Vein supply?

  • Skin
  • Liver
  • Intestines
  • Kidney (correct)

Which artery is NOT part of the Truncus Arteriosus?

  • Subclavian Artery
  • Pulmonary Artery
  • Femoral Artery (correct)
  • Common Carotid Artery

What type of blood does the Dorsal Aorta carry?

<p>Oxygenated blood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery branches off from the Subclavian Artery?

<p>Brachial Artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following arteries is part of the Pulmocutaneous Artery system?

<p>Cutaneous Artery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Femoral Vein?

<p>Drains the thigh (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery is responsible for supplying the stomach?

<p>Gastric Artery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the liver in the toad digestive system?

<p>Produces and secretes bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for suspending the small intestine in the toad?

<p>Mesenterium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the pyloric sphincter regulate the movement of chyme?

<p>Into the small intestine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the small intestine is responsible for nutrient absorption?

<p>Mucosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the peritoneum directly lines the organs?

<p>Visceral Peritoneum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is referred to as the 'space' part of the coelom located at the chest and abdomen?

<p>Pleuro-peritoneal Cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the valves of Kerckring aid in the small intestine?

<p>Increase surface area for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle is found in the stratum circulare of the muscularis layer of the small intestine?

<p>Smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the gallbladder in the toad's digestive system?

<p>Store bile (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the stomach helps increase the surface area for digestion?

<p>Rugae (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the large intestine in the toad?

<p>Reabsorption of water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the toad digestive system is categorized as having a 'glandular organ' which secretes trypsin and other enzymes?

<p>Pancreas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is primarily responsible for holding visceral organs together?

<p>Omentum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of gastric pits in the stomach?

<p>Secrete gastric juice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chief role of the mucosa in the small intestine?

<p>Increase surface area for absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cell types secretes gastric acid in the stomach?

<p>Parietal Cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure helps in increasing the volume of the stomach?

<p>Rugae (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the respiratory system allows for gas exchange in frogs?

<p>Integument (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a countercurrent flow in the gill system?

<p>It maximizes oxygen extraction from water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the lung system is primarily responsible for gas exchange?

<p>Alveoli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do muscularis mucosa play in the stomach?

<p>Squeeze gastric glands to secrete gastric juice (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the gastric mucosa?

<p>Columnar Epithelial Tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature protects the gill chamber in fishes?

<p>Operculum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the tracheal system in insects?

<p>Gas exchange (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of the muscularis layer in the gastrointestinal tract?

<p>Facilitate peristalsis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures are involved in filtering blood in the liver?

<p>Sinusoids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of structures play a crucial role in transporting air from the environment to the lungs?

<p>Trachea and Bronchioles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system has a valve-like function during respiration?

<p>Glottis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the spleen in the excretory system?

<p>Removes old or damaged cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nitrogenous waste is the most toxic?

<p>Ammonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the Malpighian tubules in a cockroach primarily function?

<p>At the border of the midgut and hindgut (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of excretory organ do terrestrial arthropods primarily utilize?

<p>Malpighian tubules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure temporarily stores urea in amphibians?

<p>Urinary Bladder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of kidney do toads possess?

<p>Mesonephric (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osmoregulators in the excretory system?

<p>To maintain fluid and salt balance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which excretory organ is specific to crustaceans?

<p>Coxal glands (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main metabolic cost associated with uric acid excretion?

<p>Most tax for metabolism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys in vertebrates?

<p>Nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure exits the urinary bladder in amphibians?

<p>Cloaca (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure filters blood in the kidneys?

<p>Bowman's Capsule (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of waste is urea produced in organisms?

<p>Medium toxic waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region is responsible for memory formation and cognition?

<p>Telencephalon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelencephalon?

<p>Involuntary control center (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ventricle is associated with the optic lobes in the toad brain?

<p>Optic Ventricles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the pineal body located in the toad brain?

<p>Dorsal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures cover the toad's brain?

<p>Meninges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure connects the optic ventricles to the 4th ventricle?

<p>Aqueduct of Sylvius (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the diencephalon in the toad brain?

<p>Regulates visceral activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of cerebrospinal fluid in the central nervous system?

<p>Cushioning the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the spinal cord is responsible for the emergence of spinal nerves for the hindlimbs?

<p>Lumbar enlargement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure helps to prevent hard-to-preserve elongated roots of posterior spinal nerves?

<p>Cauda equina (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What covers the dorsal triangular opening to the 4th ventricle?

<p>Posterior choroid plexus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brain region serves as the auditory reflex center?

<p>Mesencephalon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure serves as the outer protective layer of the spinal cord?

<p>Dura mater (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the infundibulum play in the toad brain?

<p>Connects the brain to the pituitary gland (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of pressure is used in the mammalian lung system for air intake?

<p>Negative pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in mammalian lungs is responsible for forcing air down into the lungs?

<p>Diaphragm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the closed circulatory system of tetrapods, what is the primary function of the ventricle?

<p>Mixes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What separates the right atrium from the left atrium in the toad heart?

<p>Interatrial septum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the sinoatrial node play in the mammalian heart?

<p>Serves as the heart's pacemaker (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of an open circulatory system?

<p>Blood is transported as hemolymph (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure prevents the backflow of blood from arteries into the ventricles in the mammalian heart?

<p>Semilunar valve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component that allows the inflow of hemolymph into the heart of a cockroach?

<p>Ostia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the pulmonary artery in the mammalian circulatory system?

<p>Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer lines the heart in toads?

<p>Visceral pericardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of trabeculae carnae in the ventricles?

<p>Prevent the collapse of the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the mammalian heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

<p>Left atrium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the interventricular septum separate in the mammalian heart?

<p>Right ventricle from left ventricle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vein returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium in mammalian circulation?

<p>Pre-cava (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ventral Abdominal Vein

A large vein located in the abdomen that drains blood from the intestines and pelvis.

Pelvic Vein

Drains blood from the pelvic region of the body. It can connect to the Ventral Abdominal Vein or the Femoral Vein.

Renal Veins

Veins that drain blood from the kidneys.

Renal Portal Vein

A vein that transports blood specifically to the kidneys for filtration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Femoral Vein

A vein that drains blood from the thigh.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sciatic Vein

A vein that drains blood from the shank (lower leg) and foot.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Truncus Arteriosus

The main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body in toads. Branches into multiple arteries.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dorsal Aorta

A large artery located on the back of the body that carries oxygenated blood throughout the toad's body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Peritoneum

A thin, transparent membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers the organs within it.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parietal Peritoneum

The layer of peritoneum that lines the inner body wall of the abdominal cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Visceral Peritoneum

The layer of peritoneum that covers the organs in the abdominal cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pleuro-peritoneal Cavity

The space between the parietal and visceral peritoneum, containing fluid that lubricates the organs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mesenteries

Web-like strings of parietal peritoneum that hold and suspend organs in the abdominal cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Omentum

A fold of peritoneum that bridges and holds certain visceral organs together.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Liver

A large, glandular organ in the abdomen that produces and secretes bile.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gallbladder

A small, pear-shaped organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pancreas

A long, glandular organ that secretes digestive enzymes for protein breakdown.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stomach

A muscular organ that mixes food with gastric juices and churns it into chyme.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Small Intestine

A long, coiled tube where most digestion and absorption of nutrients take place.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Duodenum

The first part of the small intestine, where most nutrient absorption occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ileum

The last part of the small intestine, where absorption of water and bile salts occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Large Intestine

A shorter, wider tube that absorbs water and forms waste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chyme

The partially digested food mixture that leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Excretory System

The system responsible for removing nitrogenous metabolic wastes from the body through filtration.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Osmoregulators

Organs that maintain proper fluid and salt balance within the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metanephridia

Excretory organs found in some mollusks and annelids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Malpighian Tubules

Excretory organs in insects and some arachnids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mesonephric Kidney

Excretory organs in amphibians, reptiles, and some fishes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Uric Acid

A nitrogenous waste product produced by insects, reptiles, and birds, less toxic and more metabolically taxing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ammonia

A nitrogenous waste product produced by aquatic animals, very toxic and requires a lot of water to dissolve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Urea

A nitrogenous waste product produced by mammals and amphibians, moderately toxic.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cisterna Magna

A space in amphibians where the mesonephric kidney is located.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Glomerulus

A network of capillaries within the nephron, where filtration of blood occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bowman's Capsule

The cup-shaped structure surrounding the glomerulus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Wolffian Duct

A duct that carries urine from the mesonephric kidneys to the cloaca in amphibians.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Renal Artery

The artery that carries blood to the kidneys.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adrenal Glands

Glands located near the kidneys that produce hormones like corticosteroids and adrenaline.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Rugae

Folds in the stomach lining that increase its volume and surface area for digestion.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastric Pits

Depressions in the stomach lining where gastric juice is secreted.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mucosa

The inner lining of the stomach, composed of columnar epithelial tissue and lamina propria.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lamina Propria

The connective tissue layer beneath the epithelial tissue in the stomach, containing gastric glands.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastric Glands

Glands in the stomach that secrete gastric juice, containing enzymes and acids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Chief Cells

Cells in gastric glands that secrete pepsinogen and gastric lipase.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pepsinogen

A precursor enzyme that is activated into pepsin to digest proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gastric Lipase

An enzyme that breaks down fats in the stomach.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neck Cells

Cells in gastric glands that secrete mucus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Parietal Cells

Cells in gastric glands that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscularis Mucosa

A thin layer of smooth muscle in the stomach that helps squeeze gastric glands to secrete gastric juice.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Submucosa

A layer of connective tissue in the stomach that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscularis

The outer layer of smooth muscle in the stomach, responsible for peristalsis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hepatocytes

The main cells of the liver, responsible for many functions including detoxification and protein synthesis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Lungs Location

Mammalian lungs are located within the pleural cavity, a separate compartment from the abdominal cavity.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Lung Pressure

Mammalian lungs function under negative pressure, meaning air is drawn into the lungs due to lower pressure inside compared to the atmosphere.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Breathing Mechanism

Mammals use a diaphragm, a muscular sheet, to create pressure changes in the chest cavity, drawing air in and pushing it out.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Open Circulatory System

An open circulatory system involves hemolymph, a fluid that mixes with bodily fluids, rather than contained blood vessels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Closed Circulatory System

A closed circulatory system uses blood contained within vessels, transporting it throughout the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cockroach Open Circulatory System

The cockroach has an open circulatory system where hemolymph flows freely through body cavities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cockroach Heart

The cockroach heart has ostia, openings that allow hemolymph to enter, and muscles that help pump the hemolymph.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Toad Heart Anatomy

The toad has a three-chambered heart, consisting of two atria and one ventricle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Toad Heart Chambers

The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood, and the ventricle mixes the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Toad Heart Valves

The toad heart has valves to prevent blood backflow and a spiral valve that minimizes blood mixing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Heart Anatomy

The mammalian heart is four-chambered, with two atria and two ventricles, ensuring separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood circulation.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Heart Valves

Mammalian hearts have atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid) and semilunar valves to prevent backflow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Heart Chambers

The right atrium receives blood from the body, the right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs, the left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, and the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mammalian Heart Pacemaker

The sino-atrial node located in the right atrium acts as the heart's pacemaker, initiating the heartbeat.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Toad Venous System

The toad's venous system collects deoxygenated blood from organs and tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meninges

Protective layers that cover the brain, consisting of the inner pia mater and outer dura mater.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ventricles

Internal cavities or spaces within the brain, connected to the central canal of the spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid found within the ventricles and central canal, providing cushioning and shock absorption for the brain and spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Telencephalon

The largest part of the brain, responsible for higher functions like memory and cognition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lateral Ventricles

Ventricles located within the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diencephalon

Part of the brain responsible for regulating visceral activities and maintaining metabolic homeostasis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

3rd Ventricle

The ventricle situated within the diencephalon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mesencephalon

Part of the brain involved in visual processing and auditory reflexes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Optic Ventricles

Ventricles located within the mesencephalon, associated with visual processing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Metencephalon

Part of the brain responsible for muscle coordination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Aqueduct of Sylvius

A narrow channel that connects the optic ventricles to the 4th ventricle.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Myelencephalon

Part of the brain that controls involuntary functions and autonomic activities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

4th Ventricle

The ventricle located within the myelencephalon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Filum Terminale

Tapered posterior end of the spinal cord, marking the end of the myelencephalon.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dorsal Median Sulcus

A groove on the dorsal (back) side of the spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Brachial Enlargement

A swelling in the spinal cord where nerves for the forelimbs emerge.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cauda Equina

Elongated roots of spinal nerves that emerge from the lower end of the spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Digestive System

  • Breaks down food mechanically and chemically into simpler molecules
  • Absorption and utilization of molecules by cells
  • Process occurs along a digestive tract/canal
  • Mixes with secretions from various peripheral glandular organs
  • Waste material excreted as fecal waste

Incomplete Digestive System (Fluke)

  • Digestive tract ends blindly
  • Oral sucker for attachment
  • Undigested material egested through the mouth
  • Structures include: mouth, oral sucker, pharynx, esophagus, intestines

Complete Digestive System (Cockroach)

  • Foregut: esophagus, crop, gizzard
  • Midgut: gastric caecae, ileum, colon, rectum
  • Hindgut: anus
  • Digestive tract has specialized sections for different digestive functions

Complete Digestive System (Toad)

  • Buccal cavity has vomerine teeth, maxillary teeth, esophagus, tongue
  • Other structures include liver, ant. left lobe, post. left lobe, right lobe, gallbladder, pancreas, stomach, cardiac end, greater curvature, lesser curvature, pyloric end, pyloric sphincter, and small intestine

Respiratory System

  • Oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange is crucial for aerobic cell respiration
  • Done via respiratory organs such as lungs, tracheal systems, and gills
  • Respiratory organs must have high surface area, permeability, contact with oxygen-rich medium, and exposure to blood circulation or tissues for good gas exchange.

Tracheal System

  • Air pathway: environment → spiracles → trachea → tracheal trunks → tracheoles → tissues
  • Structures in the pathway include spiracles, trachea, tracheal trunks, tracheoles

Gill System

  • Operculum, gill chamber, gill rakers, gill arches, pharyngeal clefts, gill filaments are structures
  • Gill filaments facilitate gas exchange in aquatic environments

Lung System

  • The buccal cavity is shared by both the respiratory and digestive systems
  • Structures include external nares, internal nares, cricoid, arytenoids, glottis, Eustachian tube, vocal sacs (in males), ventral
  • Efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is facilitated by the countercurrent flow of blood and water

Circulatory System

  • Transports gases, nutrients, and other substances throughout the body
  • Open circulatory systems (invertebrates) vs. closed (vertebrates)
  • Open systems use hemolymph, closed use blood

Open Circulatory System (Cockroach)

  • Hemolymph flows into spaces within the body cavity, bathing tissues
  • Heart: muscular pump
  • Ostia: openings in the heart allowing hemolymph to enter

Closed Circulatory System (Toad)

  • Blood flows within vessels
  • Heart, blood vessels, and blood form a closed circuit
  • Heart has three chambers with sinus venosus, right atrium, conus arteriosus, left atrium, and ventricle

Mammalian Heart

  • Four-chambered heart with right and left atria, right and left ventricles
  • Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation
  • Coronary vessels supply the heart muscle

Excretory System

  • Excretion: removing nitrogenous waste products
  • Organs vary among animals (proto nephridia, metanephridia, antennal glands, Malpighian tubules, mesonephric kidneys, metanephric kidneys, coxal glands)

Nervous System

  • Diffuse nervous system (e.g., Hydra), ladder nervous system (e.g., flatworms), and ganglionic nervous system (e.g., arthropods)
  • Central nervous system (CNS) coordinates and integrates bodily functions (brain in vertebrates and spinal cord, with neural clusters, ganglions in invertebrates)
  • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects CNS to rest of body for signaling and control

Kidney

  • Mammalian kidneys have cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis (contains renal papillas)
  • Urine is formed in renal corpuscles and passes through tubules

Sense Organs (Eye of Toad)

  • Eyelids, conjunctiva, sclera, cornea, retractor bulbi, pupil, lens, optic nerve

Sense Organs (Middle Ear of Toad)

  • Tympanum, columella, Eustachian tube

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

BIO 11.1 Notes IV PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the human vascular system with this quiz focusing on veins, arteries, and their functions. Explore specific vascular structures such as the Renal Portal Vein and the Truncus Arteriosus. Challenge yourself to understand the complexities of pelvic drainage and arterial supply.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser