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Questions and Answers
The external nose is primarily composed of bone.
The external nose is primarily composed of bone.
False (B)
The mucocutaneous junction is located beyond the hair-bearing area inside the nostrils.
The mucocutaneous junction is located beyond the hair-bearing area inside the nostrils.
True (A)
The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into three equal parts.
The nasal septum divides the nasal cavity into three equal parts.
False (B)
The olfactory receptors are located in the mouth to aid in flavor detection.
The olfactory receptors are located in the mouth to aid in flavor detection.
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The external nasal artery is a terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
The external nasal artery is a terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery.
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The vestibule within the nostrils is lined with respiratory mucous membrane.
The vestibule within the nostrils is lined with respiratory mucous membrane.
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The external nasal nerve supplies sensation to the tip of the nose.
The external nasal nerve supplies sensation to the tip of the nose.
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The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through the posterior nasal apertures.
The nasal cavity opens into the nasopharynx through the posterior nasal apertures.
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The respiratory area of the nasal cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
The respiratory area of the nasal cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
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Chewing and breathing occur simultaneously because of the hard palate's structure.
Chewing and breathing occur simultaneously because of the hard palate's structure.
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Breathing is possible during swallowing due to the opening of the nasopharynx.
Breathing is possible during swallowing due to the opening of the nasopharynx.
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Mucous secretion in the nasal cavity helps to trap particulate matter.
Mucous secretion in the nasal cavity helps to trap particulate matter.
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The lateral and alar nasal cartilages support the external nose.
The lateral and alar nasal cartilages support the external nose.
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The vestibular area contains receptors for the special sense of smell.
The vestibular area contains receptors for the special sense of smell.
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The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is covered with mucous membrane that is vascular and adherent to the periosteum.
The lateral wall of the nasal cavity is covered with mucous membrane that is vascular and adherent to the periosteum.
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The soft palate functions as a control mechanism that prevents food from entering the airway.
The soft palate functions as a control mechanism that prevents food from entering the airway.
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The floor of the maxillary sinus lies at a higher level than the floor of the nasal cavity.
The floor of the maxillary sinus lies at a higher level than the floor of the nasal cavity.
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The inferior concha is the shortest of the three conchae.
The inferior concha is the shortest of the three conchae.
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The nasolacrimal duct opens into the inferior meatus.
The nasolacrimal duct opens into the inferior meatus.
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The sphenoethmoidal recess is located below the superior concha.
The sphenoethmoidal recess is located below the superior concha.
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The septal cartilage fills the angle between the two bones.
The septal cartilage fills the angle between the two bones.
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The inferior concha is a part of the ethmoid bone.
The inferior concha is a part of the ethmoid bone.
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The cribriform plate forms the central part of the roof of the nasal cavity.
The cribriform plate forms the central part of the roof of the nasal cavity.
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The nasolacrimal duct is enclosed between the maxilla and the inferior concha.
The nasolacrimal duct is enclosed between the maxilla and the inferior concha.
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The palatine bone's vertical plate crosses the anterior part of the maxillary hiatus.
The palatine bone's vertical plate crosses the anterior part of the maxillary hiatus.
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The sphenopalatine foramen opens from the pterygopalatine fossa through the lateral wall of the nose.
The sphenopalatine foramen opens from the pterygopalatine fossa through the lateral wall of the nose.
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The ethmoid's uncinate process curves beneath the bulla to articulate with the conchal crest of the maxilla.
The ethmoid's uncinate process curves beneath the bulla to articulate with the conchal crest of the maxilla.
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Articulation with the sphenoid bone occurs at the upper part of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone.
Articulation with the sphenoid bone occurs at the upper part of the perpendicular plate of the palatine bone.
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Superior and middle conchae are separate bones distinct from the ethmoid bone.
Superior and middle conchae are separate bones distinct from the ethmoid bone.
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The zygomatic arch stabilizes the maxilla laterally.
The zygomatic arch stabilizes the maxilla laterally.
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The middle concha is positioned above the superior concha.
The middle concha is positioned above the superior concha.
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Kieselbach's plexus is a common site for nosebleed due to its rich anastomosis of arteries.
Kieselbach's plexus is a common site for nosebleed due to its rich anastomosis of arteries.
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The ethmoidal bulla is formed by the bulging of ethmoidal air cells.
The ethmoidal bulla is formed by the bulging of ethmoidal air cells.
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The nasopalatine nerve supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
The nasopalatine nerve supplies the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.
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The vomer forms the anterior border of the bony nasal septum.
The vomer forms the anterior border of the bony nasal septum.
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The sphenopalatine foramen transmits the main artery supplying the nasal cavity.
The sphenopalatine foramen transmits the main artery supplying the nasal cavity.
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The semilunar hiatus is located above the ethmoidal bulla.
The semilunar hiatus is located above the ethmoidal bulla.
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The cribriform plate is pierced by the olfactory nerve filaments.
The cribriform plate is pierced by the olfactory nerve filaments.
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The anterior ethmoidal nerve contributes to the supply of the respiratory area of the nasal cavity.
The anterior ethmoidal nerve contributes to the supply of the respiratory area of the nasal cavity.
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Veins from the nasal cavity never drain into the superior sagittal sinus.
Veins from the nasal cavity never drain into the superior sagittal sinus.
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Flashcards
Nose Functions
Nose Functions
The nose is used for breathing, warming, moistening, and cleaning air.
Olfactory Receptors
Olfactory Receptors
Receptors in the nose that detect odours from airborne particles.
Hard Palate
Hard Palate
The bony floor of the nasal cavity that separates the nose from the mouth.
Soft Palate
Soft Palate
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Oropharynx
Oropharynx
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Nasal Septum
Nasal Septum
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External Nose
External Nose
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Nasal Bones
Nasal Bones
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Nostril Anatomy
Nostril Anatomy
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Sebaceous Glands
Sebaceous Glands
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Blood supply of the nasal cavity
Blood supply of the nasal cavity
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Anatomy of the nasal cavity
Anatomy of the nasal cavity
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Respiratory area
Respiratory area
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Nasal conchae
Nasal conchae
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Olfactory area
Olfactory area
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Inferior concha
Inferior concha
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Meatus
Meatus
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Sphenoethmoidal recess
Sphenoethmoidal recess
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Nasolacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct
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Middle Concha
Middle Concha
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Ethmoidal Bulla
Ethmoidal Bulla
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Semilunar Hiatus
Semilunar Hiatus
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Sphenopalatine Foramen
Sphenopalatine Foramen
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Kieselbach's Plexus
Kieselbach's Plexus
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Olfactory Nerve
Olfactory Nerve
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Maxillary Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
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Sneezing Reflex
Sneezing Reflex
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Blood Supply of Nasal Cavity
Blood Supply of Nasal Cavity
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Septal cartilage
Septal cartilage
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Cribriform plate
Cribriform plate
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Maxilla
Maxilla
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Zygomatic arch
Zygomatic arch
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Palatine bone
Palatine bone
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Concha
Concha
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Lacrimal bone
Lacrimal bone
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Ethmoid bone
Ethmoid bone
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Study Notes
Nasal Structure and Function
- The nose warms, moistens, and cleans inspired air.
- Olfactory receptors for smell are located in the nasal cavity.
- The hard palate forms the floor of the nose, allowing chewing without interfering with breathing.
- The soft palate acts as a flap valve, separating the mouth from the airway during swallowing.
- The oropharynx is a crossroads for the airway and foodway, controlled by the soft palate.
External Nose
- The external nose projects from the face and has a largely cartilaginous skeleton.
- Nasal bones (bridge) and lateral/alar cartilages support the external nose.
- Fibrofatty tissue forms the nostril's lateral boundary.
- Compressor and dilator naris muscles control nostril size.
- The external nose is covered by skin, containing sebaceous glands.
- The internal upper part is lined with respiratory mucosa.
- Stiff hairs in the vestibule (opening inside the nostrils) help filter.
- Skin is supplied by external nasal, supra- and infra-trochlear, and infraorbital nerves.
- Blood supply comes from dorsal nasal, external nasal, lateral nasal, and septal branches.
Nasal Cavity
- Extends from the nostrils to the posterior nasal apertures.
- Opens into the nasopharynx.
- Primarily a respiratory area, lined by respiratory mucosa.
- Nasal conchae increase surface area for air warming and filtering.
- Mucous membrane is highly vascular, especially over inferior concha.
- Cilia move mucus containing trapped particles back to the nasopharynx.
- Vestibular area (inside nostrils) is lined with skin.
- Olfactory area (roof and upper parts) contains smell receptors.
- The floor is the hard palate (roof of mouth); the wall is supported by the orbit's medial wall above and the maxillary sinus' medial wall below.
Nasal Septum
- Composed of the vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and septal cartilage.
- Often deviated from the midline.
- Mucoperiosteum and mucoperichondrium firmly bound to the skeleton but can be easily removed.
Nasal Conchae
- Three (superior, middle, inferior) bony projections from the lateral wall.
- Increase surface area of the nasal cavity.
- Inferior concha is the longest; it contains erectile tissue for nasal cavity dilation and can swell, blocking the nose.
- The nasolacrimal duct empties into the inferior meatus.
- The middle meatus receives openings from many paranasal sinuses (frontal, anterior ethmoidal, maxillary).
Paranasal Sinuses
- Openings for frontal, maxillary, and other sinuses for nasal breathing.
- The sphenoidal sinus opens into the sphenoethmoidal recess.
- The ethmoidal air cells also open into the nasal cavity.
- The semilunar hiatus is a slit beneath the middle concha, receiving paranasal sinus openings.
Blood Supply and Innervation
- Sphenopalatine artery is the main artery for nasal cavity and septum, and often causes Epistaxis.
- Several other arteries and veins supply the nose.
- Lymph drainage parallels veins, draining to submandibular, deep cervical, and retropharyngeal nodes.
- Olfactory nerve, and other sensory nerves supply sensations in the olfactory area and other parts of the nasal cavity.
- Infraorbital nerve supplies the vestibular area.
Sneezing
- A protective reflex expelling irritant material.
- Initiated by reflex secretion and trapped particles in the mucus.
- The soft palate controls the volume of the nasal blast.
Osteology of the Nose
- The nasal septum consists of the vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, and septal cartilage.
- The lateral wall features maxilla, zygomatic arch, palatine, ethmoid, and lacrimal bones.
- Maxillary sinus gaps and the palatine bone's vertical plates contribute to the nasal cavity's structure.
- The inferior concha is a separate bone, articulating with maxillary and palatine bones.
- The ethmoid bone contributes with the ethmoidal bulla and uncinate processes.
- The sphenopalatine foramen is a critical opening within the lateral wall linking the pterygopalatine fossa and nasal cavity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the anatomy of the external nose and nasal cavity. This quiz covers various structures, functions, and the physiology related to nasal respiration and olfaction. Perfect for students studying human anatomy or preparing for exams.
