Questions and Answers
What are the turbinates or nasal concha responsible for?
increasing the surface area of the nasal cavity, causing nasal turbulence
What structure filters the air in the nasal cavity?
cilia
What is located in the upper part of the nasal cavity?
olfactory nerve
Which of the following are the four nasal sinuses?
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What is the pharynx also known as?
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What does the eustachian tube connect?
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What closes the opening to the larynx?
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What is called the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the environment?
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What is the process of taking air in called?
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What is the term for breathing air out?
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What does red, inflamed throat refer to?
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What is the inflammation of the larynx or voice box called?
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What is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes known as?
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What is the term for an infection of the lungs caused by a virus or bacteria?
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What disease of the lungs is caused by the tubercle bacillus?
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What condition occurs when the airway becomes obstructed due to an inflammatory response?
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What are growths in the sinus cavity that cause obstruction of the airway called?
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What process carries away the waste products of oxidation?
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What do deoxygenated blood carry carbon dioxide in the form of?
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What is the use of oxygen to release energy stored in nutrient molecules called?
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Study Notes
Nasal Cavity and Turbinates
- Turbinates, or nasal concha, enhance nasal cavity surface area, creating airflow turbulence.
- Cilia in the nasal cavity filter incoming air for impurities.
Olfactory Nerve and Sinuses
- The upper nasal cavity contains endings of the olfactory nerve, crucial for smell.
- Four major nasal sinuses are frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal, and maxillary.
Pharynx and Eustachian Tube
- The pharynx is commonly referred to as the throat.
- The eustachian tube connects the middle ear and nasopharynx, equalizing pressure.
Larynx and Epiglottis
- The epiglottis is a cartilage lid that prevents food from entering the larynx, closing when pushed by the tongue.
Respiratory Processes
- External respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and environment.
- Inhalation is the process of taking air into the lungs, while exhalation is breathing air out.
Respiratory Conditions
- Pharyngitis is characterized by a red, inflamed throat.
- Laryngitis is the inflammation of the larynx, affecting the voice.
- Bronchitis entails inflammation of bronchial tube linings, which can be acute or chronic.
- Pneumonia is a lung infection caused by viruses or bacteria.
- Tuberculosis is a lung disease caused by the tubercle bacillus.
Asthma and Nasal Polyps
- Asthma results from airway obstruction due to an inflammatory response to allergens or stress.
- Nasal polyps are growths in the sinus cavity that can obstruct airflow.
Respiration and Gas Exchange
- Internal respiration involves the transport of waste products away from cells.
- Deoxygenated blood from internal respiration carries carbon dioxide as bicarbonate ions.
- Cellular respiration or oxidation is the process of using oxygen to release energy from nutrients.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards focused on the respiratory system. Cover essential terms related to nasal structures, functions, and anatomy. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of respiratory functions.
