Human Anatomy: The Nose

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Questions and Answers

What forms the roof of the maxillary sinus?

The nasal septum

The maxillary teeth

The palate

The floor of the orbit (correct)

Which nerves provide innervation to the maxillary sinus?

Inferior alveolar nerve

Lingual nerve

Facial nerve

Anterior, middle, and posterior superior alveolar nerves (correct)

What is a common cause of nasal fractures?

Car accidents and direct blows (correct)

Sports injuries and falls

Deviated septum procedures

Infections and sinusitis

What is the main function of the paranasal sinuses as indicated in the content?

To form air cells and lighten the skull Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is specifically mentioned as being invadable by anterior ethmoidal cells?

Frontal bone Signup and view all the answers

What results from disruption of the bones and cartilages during severe nasal fractures?

Deformation of the nose Signup and view all the answers

In which location does the sphenoidal sinus extend posteriorly?

Inferior to the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

During a lateral force applied to the nose, what change may result?

Deviation of the nasal septum Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the maxillary sinus as described?

Pyramidal Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the maxilla forms the floor of the maxillary sinus?

Alveolar part of the maxilla Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone during nasal injuries?

It may fracture Signup and view all the answers

How does the content describe the relationship between the sinuses and the optic nerves?

They are separated by thin plates of bone Signup and view all the answers

What common developmental characteristic is mentioned about ethmoidal cells?

They can invade the sphenoid sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is a probable consequence of a nasal fracture?

Nasal obstruction or deformity Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the formation of air cells as mentioned in the content?

Pneumatization Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures is noted to be inferior to the pterygoid process?

Sphenoidal sinus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the larynx?

Guarding the air passages Signup and view all the answers

How many parathyroid glands are typically found embedded in the thyroid?

Four Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs of structures make up the laryngeal skeleton?

Thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is the vocal ligament primarily composed of?

Elastic connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

The larynx is located at the level of which vertebrae?

C3-C6 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of the larynx?

Regulating body temperature Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the parathyroid glands is true?

The inferior parathyroid gland can be located below the thyroid gland. Signup and view all the answers

How many paired cartilages are found in the laryngeal skeleton?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomical relationship of the cricoid cartilage to the thyroid cartilage?

The cricoid cartilage is inferior to the thyroid cartilage. Signup and view all the answers

Which ligament connects the cricoid cartilage to the first tracheal ring?

Cricotracheal ligament Signup and view all the answers

What forms the ary-epiglottic fold?

Quadrangular membrane and corniculate cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the arytenoid cartilages is true?

The arytenoid cartilages are paired and three-sided. Signup and view all the answers

How does the cricoid cartilage compare in thickness to the thyroid cartilage?

The cricoid cartilage is thicker and stronger. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vestibular folds?

To protect the airway Signup and view all the answers

What type of membrane is the quadrangular membrane a part of?

Fibro-elastic membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are involved in the innervation of the laryngeal muscles?

Internal laryngeal nerve Signup and view all the answers

Which group of laryngeal muscles functions to move the larynx as a whole?

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles Signup and view all the answers

Where can the median cricothyroid ligament be palpated?

Inferior to the thyroid cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable characteristic of the cricoid cartilage?

It is the only complete ring of cartilage encircling any part of the airway. Signup and view all the answers

What is the space between the vocal and vestibular folds called?

Rima vestibuli Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are responsible for depressing the hyoid and larynx?

Infrahyoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

What causes vibrations of the vocal ligaments?

Air pushed through the rima glottidis Signup and view all the answers

How are the infrahyoid and suprahyoid muscles classified regarding their action on the larynx?

Infrahyoid muscles are depressors and suprahyoid muscles are elevators Signup and view all the answers

Which muscles are considered intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

A and C Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the rima glottidis during normal respiration?

Assumes a narrow, slit-like position Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the posterior crico-arytenoid muscles during deep inhalation?

They abduct the vocal ligaments. Signup and view all the answers

During phonation, what happens to the vocal ligaments?

They are adducted by the arytenoid muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the shape of the rima glottidis during whispering?

It is strongly adducted but allows air passage. Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle group is primarily responsible for sealing the rima glottidis during the Valsalva maneuver?

Lateral crico-arytenoid muscles Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure is uncovered when the mucous and submucous coats are peeled off during surgical examination?

Skeletal coat, including cartilages and ligaments Signup and view all the answers

The length of the vocal folds in postpubertal males affects which aspect of their voice?

Range of pitch of the voice Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the larynx during forced respiration?

Rima glottidis widens significantly. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nose

The nose is part of the respiratory tract, superior to the hard palate, containing the peripheral organ of smell.
It includes the external nose and nasal cavity, divided into right and left cavities by the nasal septum.
Functions include olfaction, respiration, filtration, humidification of inspired air, and secretion reception/elimination.

External Nose

The visible portion of the nose, mainly cartilaginous.
Shape and size vary due to cartilage differences.
Dorsum extends from nose root to apex (tip)
Nares (nostrils) are openings bound by alae (wings).
Skin covering cartilages is thicker and contains sebaceous glands and vibrissae (stiff hairs) that filter dust.
Vestibule is where hairs are located.

Nasal Septum

Divides the nasal chamber into two cavities.
Consists of bony and cartilaginous parts.
Bony part composed of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid bone, the vomer, and the nasal crest of maxilla and palatine.
Cartilaginous part made up of two lateral, two alar, and one septal cartilages.
Alar cartilages are free, movable and can dilate or constrict the nares.

Nasal Cavities

Enclosed by the medial and lateral walls, a roof, and a floor.
Lined by mucosa except for the nasal vestibule.
Roof is mainly formed by the sphenoid, ethmoid, and frontal bones.
Floor is made up of palatine processes of the maxilla and horizontal parts of the palatine bone.
Medial wall is the nasal septum.
Lateral walls include the nasal conchae (superior, middle, and inferior).

Paranasal Sinuses

Air-filled extensions of the respiratory part of the nasal cavity.
Found in the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, and maxilla bones.
Named after the bone they are located in.
Communicate with the nasal cavity and are lined with mucous membrane.
Have important roles in warming and humidifying inhaled air.

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Description

Explore the anatomy and functions of the nose, including its external structure and the role of the nasal septum. Understand how the nose contributes to olfaction, respiration, and filtration of air. This quiz will challenge your knowledge of nasal anatomy.