Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the upper lip?
Which muscle is responsible for elevating the upper lip?
Which muscle is responsible for drawing the eyebrows inferiorly and medially?
Which muscle is responsible for drawing the eyebrows inferiorly and medially?
Which muscle is responsible for elevating and extending the upper lip?
Which muscle is responsible for elevating and extending the upper lip?
Which muscle helps with swallowing and breathing?
Which muscle helps with swallowing and breathing?
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Which muscle is responsible for closing and puckering the lips?
Which muscle is responsible for closing and puckering the lips?
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Which muscle is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and helps to turn and nod the head?
Which muscle is attached to the mastoid process of the temporal bone and helps to turn and nod the head?
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Which muscle is responsible for drawing the skin of the forehead inferiorly?
Which muscle is responsible for drawing the skin of the forehead inferiorly?
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Which muscle is responsible for raising the upper eyelid?
Which muscle is responsible for raising the upper eyelid?
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Which muscle is responsible for depressing the angle of the mouth?
Which muscle is responsible for depressing the angle of the mouth?
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Which muscle is responsible for drawing the upper lip anteriorly and superiorly?
Which muscle is responsible for drawing the upper lip anteriorly and superiorly?
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Which muscle is responsible for adducting the humerus and assisting the latissimus dorsi in adducting the shoulder?
Which muscle is responsible for adducting the humerus and assisting the latissimus dorsi in adducting the shoulder?
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Which of the following muscles is NOT a part of the anterior/lateral abdominal muscles?
Which of the following muscles is NOT a part of the anterior/lateral abdominal muscles?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for flexing the elbow?
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Which muscle is located on the lateral wall of the chest?
Which muscle is located on the lateral wall of the chest?
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What is the role of the psoas major muscle?
What is the role of the psoas major muscle?
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Which muscle is the largest and strongest muscle of the rotator cuff?
Which muscle is the largest and strongest muscle of the rotator cuff?
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Which muscle is responsible for adducting the arm and rotating the humerus medially?
Which muscle is responsible for adducting the arm and rotating the humerus medially?
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Which muscle is located medial to the external oblique muscles?
Which muscle is located medial to the external oblique muscles?
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Which muscle draws the hyoid bone superiorly?
Which muscle draws the hyoid bone superiorly?
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Which muscle is NOT involved in respiration?
Which muscle is NOT involved in respiration?
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Which muscle is responsible for extending the knee?
Which muscle is responsible for extending the knee?
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What is the primary function of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
What is the primary function of the flexor carpi radialis muscle?
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Which muscle primarily flexes the fingers?
Which muscle primarily flexes the fingers?
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What action is primarily associated with the iliopsoas muscle?
What action is primarily associated with the iliopsoas muscle?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion of the foot?
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Which muscle provides stabilization and flexibility to the knee joint?
Which muscle provides stabilization and flexibility to the knee joint?
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Which muscle classification is characterized as involuntary and non-striated?
Which muscle classification is characterized as involuntary and non-striated?
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What function do tendons serve in relation to muscles?
What function do tendons serve in relation to muscles?
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What term describes the muscle attachment site on a bone that remains stationary during movement?
What term describes the muscle attachment site on a bone that remains stationary during movement?
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Which type of muscle is specifically found in the heart and is striated?
Which type of muscle is specifically found in the heart and is striated?
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Which muscle action describes a decrease in the angle between two bones at their joint?
Which muscle action describes a decrease in the angle between two bones at their joint?
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What is the primary role of bursae associated with muscles?
What is the primary role of bursae associated with muscles?
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Muscles can be named based on their direction of fibers. Which of the following is an example?
Muscles can be named based on their direction of fibers. Which of the following is an example?
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Which of the following muscle types is classified as voluntary and striated?
Which of the following muscle types is classified as voluntary and striated?
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Which of these classifications pertains to circular muscles that constrict an orifice?
Which of these classifications pertains to circular muscles that constrict an orifice?
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What describes the process of myosin binding with actin during muscle contraction?
What describes the process of myosin binding with actin during muscle contraction?
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Which of the following movements is characterized by palms facing posteriorly?
Which of the following movements is characterized by palms facing posteriorly?
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What is the primary role of the buccinator muscle?
What is the primary role of the buccinator muscle?
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In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, what is the initial step when muscle is at rest?
In the sliding filament model of muscle contraction, what is the initial step when muscle is at rest?
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Which statement best describes the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
Which statement best describes the role of tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
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Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the mandible?
Which muscle is primarily responsible for closing the mandible?
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What occurs immediately after myosin binds with ATP in the muscle contraction cycle?
What occurs immediately after myosin binds with ATP in the muscle contraction cycle?
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Which of the following best describes eversion in relation to the ankle movement?
Which of the following best describes eversion in relation to the ankle movement?
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What is the structural hierarchy of muscle tissue starting from myofibrils?
What is the structural hierarchy of muscle tissue starting from myofibrils?
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What defines circumduction in terms of joint movement?
What defines circumduction in terms of joint movement?
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Study Notes
Muscles of the Human Body
- The study of muscles is called myology
- Embalming and restorative art are technical skills
- Located and identify selected skeletal muscles is the lecture objective
- Muscles attach to and move bones
- Posture is maintained via tonic contraction
- Muscles produce heat through chemical energy into mechanical energy
- Muscles are necessary for body functions, such as digestion, breathing, speaking and pumping blood
- Muscles are classified as smooth, skeletal, and cardiac
Types of Muscle
- Smooth muscles are involuntary, not under conscious control, and are widely distributed throughout the body. They are also called visceral muscle and are non-striated.
- Skeletal muscles are voluntary, under conscious control, and are striated.
- Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart, it is striated and involuntary.
Associated Structures
- Tendons anchor muscles to bones
- Bursae provide protection for bones and joints
- Fascia surrounds and secures structures
- Aponeuroses connect bone to flat muscles
Other Classifications of Muscles
- Sphincters are circular muscles that constrict an orifice (opening)
- Muscles related to the front of the chest are called pectoral muscles, with an example being the pectoralis major
Muscle Structure
- The belly of a muscle is its widest/largest portion
- The origin is the muscle attachment to the stationary bone during movement
- The insertion is the muscle attachment to the moving bone during a movement
Muscle Naming Basis (Examples)
- Muscle shape and location: temporalis, trapezius
- Muscle divisions and attachments: zygomaticus major, intercostals, omohyoid
- Muscle fiber direction: transversus abdominis
- Muscle superficiality and depth: flexor digitorum superficialis, internal oblique
- Muscle size: adductor longus, gluteus maximus
- Muscle action: levator palpebrae superioris
Movement
- Flexion decreases the angle between two bones at a joint
- Extension increases the angle between two bones at a joint
- Abduction is movement away from the body's midline
- Adduction is movement towards the body's midline
- Rotation is movement around a longitudinal axis
- Supination is when the palms of the hands face anteriorly (forward)
- Pronation is when the palms of the hands face posteriorly (backward)
- Inversion is when the sole of the foot faces medially (inward)
- Eversion is when the sole of the foot faces laterally (outward)
- Constriction narrows a vessel
- Dilation widens a vessel
- Elevation moves something superiorly (upward)
- Depression moves something inferiorly (downward)
Myofibrils and Muscle Movement
- Myofibrils are threads that combine to form muscle fibers, which are skeletal muscle cells.
- Muscle fibers combine into fascicles, which combine to form muscles.
- Muscle contraction occurs when sarcomeres shorten, caused by actin and myosin filaments attaching to each other.
Sliding Filament Model
- At rest, actin and myosin filaments are not touching.
- A signal (action potential) is sent by the brain.
- Calcium is released, binding to troponin.
- Tropomyosin is released by actin.
- Myosin binds with ATP.
- ATP changes to ADP.
- Myosin binds with actin.
- The sarcomere shrinks, and the muscle contracts.
- ADP unbinds.
- ATP binds with myosin again.
- Myosin releases actin.
- Muscle relaxes.
Muscles of the Face
- Chewing muscles: temporalis, masseter, buccinator
- Eyebrow muscles: occipitofrontalis (epicranius), orbicularis oculi, corrugator, procerus, levator palpebrae superioris
- "False" smiling muscles: levator labii superioris, levator anguli oris, risorius
- "Real" smiling muscles: zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor
- Other mouth muscles: orbicularis oris, quadratus labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, depressor anguli oris, depressor labii inferioris, mentalis
Muscles of the Neck
- Platysma
- Sternocleidomastoid
- Omohyoid
- Digastricus
Muscles of the Back
- Trapezius
- Latissimus dorsi
- Teres major
Muscles of the Chest
- Pectoralis major
- Pectoralis minor
- Subscapularis
Breathing Muscles
- Serratus anterior
- Intercostals
- Diaphragm
Muscles of the Abdomen
- External oblique
- Internal oblique
- Transversus abdominis
- Rectus abdominis
- Psoas major
Muscles of the Upper Extremities
- Upper arm: Deltoid, Coracobrachialis, Brachialis
- Forearm (Anterior): Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Pronator teres, Flexor digitorum profundus, Palmaris longus
- Forearm (Posterior): Brachioradialis, Supinator
Muscles of the Lower Extremities
- Anterior thigh: Sartorius, Quadriceps femoris, Iliopsoas, Pectineus
- Posterior Thigh: Gluteus maximus, Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
- Medial Thigh: Adductor longus, Adductor magnus
- Popliteal Muscles: Popliteus, Oblique popliteal ligament
Lower Leg Muscles
- (Anterior): Tibialis anterior , Extensor hallucis longus
- (Posterior): Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Calcaneal tendon (Achilles heel)
Review and Vocabulary
- The lecture provides a review of the learned concepts
- The Vocabulary check provides words associated with the muscles and their names.
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Description
Test your knowledge of human muscles with this informative quiz. Dive into the functions and responsibilities of various muscles in the human body, including those involved in facial expressions, movement, and other activities such as swallowing and breathing. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.
