Human Anatomy Joints Quiz

Introduction to Human Anatomy

• Dr Hossam Yahia is the presenter.
• The date is 2013.

Articular System (Joints)

• A joint is the meeting point of two or more bones, two or more cartilages, or a bone and cartilage.

Basis of Human Anatomy

• Images depict people dissecting a body.
• The text mentions "UNE FIN" and "A l'Ecole Pratique".

Facial Muscles

• Zygomatic bone
• Nasolabial sulcus
• Angle of mandible
• Mentolabial sulcus
• Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis
• Temporalis
• Orbicularis oculi
• Zygomaticus major
• Orbicularis oris
• Modiolus
• Depressor anguli oris
• Depressor labii inferioris
• Mentalis

Anatomical Planes

• Median (sagittal) plane: divides the body into equal left and right halves. It is a vertical plane.
• Paramedian (parasagittal) plane: divides the body into unequal left and right halves. It is a vertical plane parallel to the median plane.
• Coronal (frontal) plane: divides the body into anterior and posterior parts. It is a vertical plane at right angles to the median plane.
• Horizontal (transverse) plane: divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. It is a plane at right angles to both the median and coronal planes.

Sagitarius

• Image of the mythical figure Sagitarius.

Corona (crown)

• Images of different crowns.

Classification of Joints

• Fibrous Joints: bones connected by dense fibrous tissue, allowing no movement (fixed/immobile).

  • Sutures: found in the skull, thin layer of dense fibrous tissue connecting bones (obliterates with age).
  • Gomphoses: found in the jaws, root of the tooth connected to a socket by dense fibrous tissue (periodontal ligament).
  • Syndesmoses: found in inferior tibio-fibular joint.

• Cartilaginous Joints: bones connected by cartilaginous tissue.

  • Primary cartilaginous joints: connected by hyaline cartilage, temporary joints with no movement (e.g., epiphyseal plate).
  • Secondary cartilaginous joints: connected by white fibrocartilage, so permanent; slight movement is possible (e.g., intervertebral discs, symphysis pubis).

Synovial Joints

• Freely-movable joints, primarily in limbs.
  • Fibrous capsule: surrounds the joint cavity, strong ligaments support it.
  • Articular cartilage: covers articular surfaces, smooth and lubricated by synovial fluid, has no blood vessels or nerves.
  • Joint cavity: potential space containing a thin film of synovial fluid.
  • Synovial membrane: lines the capsule and secretes/absorbs synovial fluid.
  • Synovial fluid: pale yellow, viscous fluid; lubricates cartilage, nourishes it, and absorbs shocks.
  • Ligaments: located inside or outside the joint capsule, support and restrict movement.

Structures within the Joint Cavity

• Articular disc: fibrocartilage disc that separates the joint into two compartments (e.g., temporomandibular joint).
• Menisci: semilunar cartilages in knee joints.

Types and Varieties of Synovial Joints :

• Nonaxial (plane) joints: flat articular surfaces, enabling gliding movements (e.g., superior tibiofibular joint).

• Uni-axial Joints: movement around a single axis.

  • Hinge joint: movement around a transverse axis (flexion and extension) e.g., elbow, ankle.
  • Pivot joint: movement around a longitudinal axis (rotation) e.g., superior radio-ulna joint

• Bi-axial Joints: movement around two perpendicular axes.

  • Condylar or bicondylar joint: one convex surface (condyle) articulates with one concave surface, e.g., knee or temporomandibular joint.
  • Ellipsoid joint: one oval convex surface articulates with one oval concave surface, e.g., wrist joint

• Multi-axial Joints: movement around all three axes.

  • Ball and socket joint: a globular or spherical surface (ball) on one bone articulates with a concave surface (socket) on the other, e.g., shoulder and hip joints.

Factors Affecting Joint Stability

• Shape and fit of articular surfaces
• Thickness and elasticity of the capsule
• Position and strength of ligaments
• Strength of muscles surrounding the joint.

Self-Assessment Question

• Bone embedded in tendon: Sesamoid bone

Most Freely Movable Type of Joint

• Synovial joint

Epiphyseal Plate

• Primary cartilaginous joint

Synovial Joint Rotation

• Pivot joint

Synovial Joint Flexion/Extension

• Hinge joint

Widest Range of Movement

• Ball and socket joint

Test your knowledge on the types of joints in human anatomy with this engaging quiz. Explore concepts like cartilage, movement, and synovial fluid functions while learning about joint classifications. Perfect for students studying anatomy or related fields.