Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the total number of bones in the axial skeleton?
What is the total number of bones in the axial skeleton?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the cranium?
Which of the following bones is NOT part of the cranium?
How many pairs of paranasal sinuses are present in the human skull?
How many pairs of paranasal sinuses are present in the human skull?
In which region of the vertebral column would you find L1 to L5 vertebrae?
In which region of the vertebral column would you find L1 to L5 vertebrae?
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What is the function of the spinal curvatures?
What is the function of the spinal curvatures?
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Which of the following bones is included in the axial skeleton?
Which of the following bones is included in the axial skeleton?
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What is the total number of vertebrae in the adult vertebral column?
What is the total number of vertebrae in the adult vertebral column?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the four major spinal curvatures?
Which of the following is NOT one of the four major spinal curvatures?
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Which of the following bones form the pectoral girdle?
Which of the following bones form the pectoral girdle?
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What are the components of the thoracic cage?
What are the components of the thoracic cage?
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Which joints are involved in the upper limb?
Which joints are involved in the upper limb?
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What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
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Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of carpal bones?
Which of the following correctly describes the arrangement of carpal bones?
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How many phalanges are found in a human hand?
How many phalanges are found in a human hand?
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What forms the base of the lower limb?
What forms the base of the lower limb?
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Which of the following is NOT part of the pelvic girdle?
Which of the following is NOT part of the pelvic girdle?
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Study Notes
Human Anatomy for Nursing Students
- Course taught by Dr. Fatima Aljamal
- Academic year 2024-2025
Chapter 5: Axial and Appendicular Skeleton
- The skeleton is divided into two parts: axial and appendicular
- Axial skeleton includes 80 bones
- Appendicular skeleton includes 126 bones
Axial Skeleton
- Forms the central axis of the body
- Includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
- Protects vital organs: brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs
- Attachment site for muscles moving the head, neck, and back, as well as some limb muscles
- Divided into regions (skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage).
1. Skull Bones (29 Bones)
- Cranium (8 bones): frontal, parietal (2), temporal (2), occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid
- Facial (14 bones): zygomatic (2), maxillae (2), nasal (2), lacrimal (2), palatine (2), inferior conchae (2), vomer, mandible (1)
Skull Cavity & Sinuses
- Hollow spaces within the skull and facial bones surrounding the nose
- Four pairs of sinuses: maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid
- Collectively called paranasal sinuses
2. Vertebral Column
- Sequence of vertebrae (singular: vertebra) and intervertebral discs
- Originally 33 vertebrae, reduced to 24 plus sacrum and coccyx
- Divided into 5 regions: cervical (C1-C7), thoracic (T1-T12), lumbar (L1-L5), sacrum (5 fused vertebrae), coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)
- Spinal curves increase strength, flexibility, and shock absorption
- Four curves: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and pelvic
3. Vertebral General Structure
- Typical vertebra consists of a body, vertebral arch, seven processes, three foramens, and facets
3. Thoracic Cage
- Rib cage forms the thorax
- Composed of 12 pairs of ribs, costal cartilages, and the sternum
- Ribs attach posteriorly to 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12)
Appendicular Skeleton
- Peripheral skeleton (126 bones)
- Composed of the pectoral girdle, upper limb bones, pelvic girdle, and lower limb bones
1. Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle)
- Two bones: clavicle and scapula
- Attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton
- Provides attachment for shoulder and upper limb muscles
- Forms the cervico-axillary canal
2. Bones of the Upper Limb
- Divided into arm (humerus), forearm (ulna and radius), wrist (carpal bones), and hand (metacarpals and phalanges)
- Three main joints: shoulder (glenohumeral), elbow, and wrist
3. Wrist (Carpal)
- Scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate
- Proximal and distal rows
- Radiocarpal, midcarpal, and carpometacarpal joints
- Carpal tunnel forms
4. Hand (Metacarpal & Phalanges)
- 5 metacarpals, 14 phalanges
- Thumb and other fingers have proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
- Carpometacarpal, carpophalangeal, and interphalangeal joints
- Joints connect the phalanges of the fingers
3. Pelvic Girdle
- Formed by a single hip bone (attaching lower limb to axial skeleton via sacroiliac joint)
- Attaches lower limbs to the axial skeleton
- Transmits weight of upper body to lower limbs
- Supports pelvic visceral organs
- Consists of ilium, ischium, and pubis
4. Bones of the Lower Limb
- Divided into thigh (femur), leg (tibia and fibula), ankle (tarsal bones), and foot (metatarsals and phalanges)
- Three main joints: hip, knee, and ankle
Foot (Metatarsal & Phalanges)
- 5 metatarsals (numbered 1-5)
- 14 phalanges (big toe (2) and other toes (3) )
- Parts of the foot include arches and the transverse arch
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Description
This quiz focuses on Chapter 5 of Human Anatomy, which covers the axial and appendicular skeleton. It includes details about the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage, highlighting their functions and regions. Test your knowledge on important anatomical structures and their significance in human physiology.
