Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the total number of bones in the axial skeleton?
What is the total number of bones in the axial skeleton?
80
What is the total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?
What is the total number of bones in the appendicular skeleton?
126
What is the approximate weight of the skull?
What is the approximate weight of the skull?
10 lbs
How many bones does the skull contain?
How many bones does the skull contain?
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What are the two main types of bones in the skull?
What are the two main types of bones in the skull?
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Cranial bones are made up of flat bones that protect the brain.
Cranial bones are made up of flat bones that protect the brain.
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Facial bones stop growing and changing at age 16.
Facial bones stop growing and changing at age 16.
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Which of these is NOT a function of the skull?
Which of these is NOT a function of the skull?
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Which of these is NOT one of the 8 cranial bones?
Which of these is NOT one of the 8 cranial bones?
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What bone makes up the forehead and upper eye sockets?
What bone makes up the forehead and upper eye sockets?
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What bone is located at the back of the skull and makes up most of the cranial roof and sides of the cranial cavity?
What bone is located at the back of the skull and makes up most of the cranial roof and sides of the cranial cavity?
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What is the name of the joint that runs down the skull, connecting the two parietal bones?
What is the name of the joint that runs down the skull, connecting the two parietal bones?
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What is the name for the ear canal?
What is the name for the ear canal?
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What is the name of the hole that goes through a bone where the spinal cord and brainstem pass through?
What is the name of the hole that goes through a bone where the spinal cord and brainstem pass through?
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What are the round or flat ends of a bone where a joint is formed called?
What are the round or flat ends of a bone where a joint is formed called?
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What are the two bones located on the side of the head, near the ears?
What are the two bones located on the side of the head, near the ears?
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What bone is located at the back and bottom of the skull?
What bone is located at the back and bottom of the skull?
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What bone is located inside the skull, back of the nose?
What bone is located inside the skull, back of the nose?
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What bone forms the cheekbones?
What bone forms the cheekbones?
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What is the name of the bony part of the nose?
What is the name of the bony part of the nose?
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What bone is the only moveable bone in the skull?
What bone is the only moveable bone in the skull?
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What is the name of the process on the mandible that forms the jaw joint?
What is the name of the process on the mandible that forms the jaw joint?
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Which of these are unique features of the skull?
Which of these are unique features of the skull?
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What are the eye sockets called?
What are the eye sockets called?
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Which of the following are paranasal sinuses?
Which of the following are paranasal sinuses?
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What type of joints are used to hold the bones of the skull together?
What type of joints are used to hold the bones of the skull together?
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Which of these is NOT a prominent suture in the skull?
Which of these is NOT a prominent suture in the skull?
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What suture is located between the frontal and parietal bones?
What suture is located between the frontal and parietal bones?
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What suture is located between the right and left parietal bones?
What suture is located between the right and left parietal bones?
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What suture is located between the parietal and occipital bones?
What suture is located between the parietal and occipital bones?
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What suture is located between the parietal and temporal bones?
What suture is located between the parietal and temporal bones?
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What are the areas of the skull that have not yet ossified (turned into bone) at birth called?
What are the areas of the skull that have not yet ossified (turned into bone) at birth called?
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Which of these is NOT a prominent fontanel?
Which of these is NOT a prominent fontanel?
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What fontanel becomes the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet?
What fontanel becomes the point where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet?
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What fontanel becomes the point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet?
What fontanel becomes the point where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet?
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What is the condition where the soft tissue of the lip does not come together during development called?
What is the condition where the soft tissue of the lip does not come together during development called?
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What condition involves a space (cleft) where the right and left maxillae do not meet during development?
What condition involves a space (cleft) where the right and left maxillae do not meet during development?
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What are the two midline deformities?
What are the two midline deformities?
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What is the name of the unique bone that does not touch any other bone and serves as the attachment point for the tongue?
What is the name of the unique bone that does not touch any other bone and serves as the attachment point for the tongue?
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What is the vertebral column composed of?
What is the vertebral column composed of?
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All mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae.
All mammals have 7 cervical vertebrae.
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What are the upper and middle back vertebrae called?
What are the upper and middle back vertebrae called?
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What are the lower back vertebrae called?
What are the lower back vertebrae called?
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What is the name of the bone at the base of the spine, formed by 5 fused vertebrae?
What is the name of the bone at the base of the spine, formed by 5 fused vertebrae?
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What is the name of the bone that makes up the tailbone?
What is the name of the bone that makes up the tailbone?
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The curves of the spine reduce its strength and flexibility.
The curves of the spine reduce its strength and flexibility.
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What are the four normal curves of the spine in the sagittal view?
What are the four normal curves of the spine in the sagittal view?
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Which of these is NOT an abnormal curve of the spine?
Which of these is NOT an abnormal curve of the spine?
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What is the name of the condition characterized by spinal curvatures in the coronal plane?
What is the name of the condition characterized by spinal curvatures in the coronal plane?
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What type of scoliosis is caused by normal boney architecture of the vertebrae but with muscle imbalance?
What type of scoliosis is caused by normal boney architecture of the vertebrae but with muscle imbalance?
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What type of scoliosis is caused by abnormal architecture of the vertebrae?
What type of scoliosis is caused by abnormal architecture of the vertebrae?
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What is the name for the condition where there is an increase in the normal lumbar curvature?
What is the name for the condition where there is an increase in the normal lumbar curvature?
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What is the name for the condition where there is an increase in the thoracic spine curvature?
What is the name for the condition where there is an increase in the thoracic spine curvature?
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Cervical vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the vertebral column.
Cervical vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the vertebral column.
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What are the two foramina present in cervical vertebrae that allow the vertebral arteries to pass through called?
What are the two foramina present in cervical vertebrae that allow the vertebral arteries to pass through called?
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What is the name of the first cervical vertebra, which has no body and articulates with the occipital bone?
What is the name of the first cervical vertebra, which has no body and articulates with the occipital bone?
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What is the name of the second cervical vertebra, which has a tall body (the dens) that projects into the vertebral foramen of the atlas?
What is the name of the second cervical vertebra, which has a tall body (the dens) that projects into the vertebral foramen of the atlas?
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Thoracic vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the vertebral column.
Thoracic vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the vertebral column.
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Lumbar vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the vertebral column.
Lumbar vertebrae are the smallest vertebrae in the vertebral column.
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What is the name of the bone that is formed by 5 fused vertebrae and is located at the base of the spine?
What is the name of the bone that is formed by 5 fused vertebrae and is located at the base of the spine?
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What features are found on the sacrum?
What features are found on the sacrum?
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What is the name of the bone that forms the breastbone and where CPR is performed?
What is the name of the bone that forms the breastbone and where CPR is performed?
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What are the three regions of the sternum?
What are the three regions of the sternum?
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Which of the following are features of the sternum?
Which of the following are features of the sternum?
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How many pairs of ribs form the sides of the thoracic cage?
How many pairs of ribs form the sides of the thoracic cage?
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What are the three categories of ribs based on their attachment to the sternum?
What are the three categories of ribs based on their attachment to the sternum?
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What type of ribs articulate directly with the sternum via costal cartilage?
What type of ribs articulate directly with the sternum via costal cartilage?
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What type of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum?
What type of ribs do not articulate directly with the sternum?
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What type of ribs do not articulate at all with the sternum?
What type of ribs do not articulate at all with the sternum?
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What is the name for the shoulder, which consists of the clavicle and the scapula?
What is the name for the shoulder, which consists of the clavicle and the scapula?
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What are the major landmarks of the scapula?
What are the major landmarks of the scapula?
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What part of the scapula is the tip of the shoulder where the clavicle attaches?
What part of the scapula is the tip of the shoulder where the clavicle attaches?
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What part of the scapula is the socket where the humerus attaches?
What part of the scapula is the socket where the humerus attaches?
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What part of the scapula is located inferior and anterior to the acromion, and is where the pectoralis minor muscle attaches?
What part of the scapula is located inferior and anterior to the acromion, and is where the pectoralis minor muscle attaches?
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What part of the humerus forms the ball of the ball and socket joint at the shoulder?
What part of the humerus forms the ball of the ball and socket joint at the shoulder?
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What bone is located on the pinky side of the arm?
What bone is located on the pinky side of the arm?
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What are the individual finger bones called?
What are the individual finger bones called?
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What is the name for the hip bone, which contains the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and cartilage?
What is the name for the hip bone, which contains the acetabulum, obturator foramen, and cartilage?
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The male pelvic inlet is larger and wider than the female pelvic inlet.
The male pelvic inlet is larger and wider than the female pelvic inlet.
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The female pelvic inlet is smaller and narrower than the male pelvic inlet.
The female pelvic inlet is smaller and narrower than the male pelvic inlet.
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What is the name of the kneecap, which helps protect the knee joint and provides mechanical advantage to the quadriceps muscle?
What is the name of the kneecap, which helps protect the knee joint and provides mechanical advantage to the quadriceps muscle?
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Flashcards
axial skeleton
axial skeleton
80 bones; consists of the skull, spinal column, plus ribs and sternum
appendicular skeleton
appendicular skeleton
126 bones; upper/lower limbs, pelvic and pectoral girdles
skull
skull
Weighs approximately 10 lbs; contains 22 bones
cranial bones
cranial bones
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facial bones
facial bones
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function of skull
function of skull
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occipital bone
occipital bone
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sagital suture
sagital suture
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mandible
mandible
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cervical vertebrae
cervical vertebrae
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thoracic vertebrae
thoracic vertebrae
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sacrum
sacrum
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normal curvatures of the spine
normal curvatures of the spine
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scoliosis
scoliosis
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hyperlordosis
hyperlordosis
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cleft lip
cleft lip
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hyoid bone
hyoid bone
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pectoral girdle
pectoral girdle
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patella
patella
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false ribs
false ribs
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float ribs
float ribs
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12 pairs of ribs
12 pairs of ribs
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female pelvic inlet
female pelvic inlet
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male pelvic inlet
male pelvic inlet
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maxilla
maxilla
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mandibular condyles
mandibular condyles
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acromion
acromion
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glenoid cavity
glenoid cavity
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fontanels
fontanels
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occipital condyles
occipital condyles
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paranasal sinuses
paranasal sinuses
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zygomatic bone
zygomatic bone
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Study Notes
Axial Skeleton
- Composed of 80 bones
- Includes the skull, spinal column, ribs, and sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
- Consists of 126 bones
- Contains the upper and lower limbs, along with the pelvic and pectoral girdles
Skull
- Weighs approximately 10 pounds
- Contains 22 bones
Skull Bones
- Divided into 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones
Cranial Bones
- Protect the brain like a helmet
- Flat bones
Facial Bones
- Continue to develop and change until approximately age 16
Skull Function
- Protects the brain (cranium)
- Protects sensory organs (facial bones)
- Provides openings for respiratory and digestive systems
- Provides attachment points for muscles
8 Cranial Bones
- Frontal bone
- Two parietal bones
- Two temporal bones
- Occipital bone
- Sphenoid bone
- Ethmoid bone
Frontal Bone
- Forms the forehead and upper eye sockets
- Contains frontal sinuses (potential source of sinus headaches)
Parietal Bones (2)
- Located at the back and sides of the skull, and make up most of the cranial roof
Sagittal Suture
- Joint connecting the two parietal bones
External Auditory Meatus
- Ear canal opening
Foramen Magnum
- Hole through which the spinal cord and brainstem exit the skull
Occipital Condyles
- Rounded/flat ends of bones that form joints
Temporal Bones (2)
- Located on the sides of the head near the ears
Occipital Bone
- Forms the back and base of the skull
Sphenoid Bone
- Deep within the skull; not easily visible without opening the skull
Ethmoid Bone
- Located inside the skull, behind the nose
14 Facial Bones
- Two maxillae
- Two zygomatic bones
- Two nasal bones
- One mandible
- Two lacrimal bones
- Two palatine bones
- Two inferior nasal conchae
- One vomer bone
Maxillae (2)
- Each contains a maxillary sinus
- Forms upper jaw; upper teeth are attached
Zygomatic Bones (2)
- Cheek bones
Zygomatic Arch
- Space formed by the temporal and zygomatic bones
Nasal Bones (2)
- Form the bony part of the nose
Mandible (1)
- Only movable bone in the skull
- Condylar process forms the jaw joint
Skull Unique Features
- Orbits (eye sockets)
- Paranasal sinuses
Paranasal Sinuses
- Frontal sinuses
- Ethmoid sinuses
- Sphenoid sinuses
- Maxillary sinuses
Skull Joints
- Immovable joints called sutures hold the skull bones together
Prominent Sutures
- Coronal suture
- Sagittal suture
- Lambdoid suture
- Squamous suture
Coronal Suture
- Connects the frontal and parietal bones
Sagittal Suture
- Connects the right and left parietal bones
Lambdoid Suture
- Joins the parietal and occipital bones
Squamous Suture
- Joins the parietal and temporal bones
Fontanels
- Areas where skull bones haven't fused at birth
Prominent Fontanels
- Anterior fontanel
- Posterior fontanel
- Anterior lateral fontanels
- Posterolateral fontanels (fuse by approximately 18 months)
Anterior Fontanel
- Located where the coronal and sagittal sutures meet
Posterior Fontanel
- Located where the sagittal and lambdoid sutures meet
Cleft Lip
- Condition where the soft tissue of the lip doesn't fully fuse
Cleft Palate
- Condition where the right and left maxillae do not meet
Midline Deformities
- Cleft lip and cleft palate
Hyoid Bone
- Unique bone that does not attach to any other bone; supported by ligaments and muscles; supports the tongue
Vertebral Column Components
- 7 cervical vertebrae
- 12 thoracic vertebrae
- 5 lumbar vertebrae
- 1 sacrum
- 1 coccyx
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
- Smallest vertebrae in mammals
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
- Located in the upper and mid-back
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
- Located in the lower back
Sacrum (1)
- Forms the base of the vertebral column
Coccyx (1)
- Tailbone
Spinal Curvatures
- Increase spine strength and flexibility
Normal Spinal Curves (Sagittal View)
- Cervical and lumbar curves are convex (anteriorly)
- Thoracic and sacral curves are concave (posteriorly)
Abnormal Spinal Curves
- Scoliosis
- Idiopathic scoliosis
- Congenital scoliosis
- Hyperlordosis
- Kyphosis
Scoliosis
- Spinal curvatures in the coronal plane; can be single or double curves
Idiopathic Scoliosis
- Spinal curvature due to muscle imbalance
Congenital Scoliosis
- Spinal curvature due to abnormal vertebrae structure; potential surgery
Hyperlordosis
- Increased lumbar curvature (sway back); often caused by weak abdominal muscles and tight hip flexors
Kyphosis
- Increased thoracic curvature (hunchback)
Cervical Spine
- Cervical vertebrae are the smallest with the largest vertebral foramina
- Contains transverse foramina for vertebral arteries
C1 (Atlas)
- No body; articulates with the occipital bone; allows for "yes" movement
C2 (Axis)
- Tall body (dens); dens projects into the atlas' vertebral foramen; allows for "no" movement
Thoracic Spine
- Thoracic vertebrae have larger bodies, and smaller spinous and transverse processes that articulate with ribs
Lumbar Spine
- Largest vertebrae; located in the lower back
Sacrum
- 5 fused vertebrae
Sacrum Features
- Sacral foramina
- Medial sacral crest
- Sacral canal
- Coccyx (4 fused vertebrae)
Sternum
- Breastbone; location for CPR
Sternum Regions
- Manubrium
- Body
- Xiphoid process
Sternum Features
- Sternal angle
- Suprasternal notch
- Clavicular notches
Ribs
- 12 pairs form the sides of the thoracic cage
Rib Types
- True ribs (first 7 pairs) articulate with the sternum via costal cartilage
- False ribs (pairs 8-10) do not directly articulate with sternum
- Floating ribs (pairs 11 and 12) do not articulate with sternum
Pectoral Girdle
- Shoulder; includes the clavicle and scapula
Scapula Major Landmarks
- Acromion
- Glenoid cavity
- Coracoid process
Acromion
- Tip of the shoulder; where clavicle attaches
Glenoid Cavity
- Socket where humerus (upper arm bone) fits (ball-and-socket joint)
Coracoid Process
- Inferior to acromion; attachment site for pectoral muscles
Ball and Socket Joint
- Head of the humerus
Ulna
- Inner (pinky side) part of the forearm
Radius
- Outer (thumb side) part of the forearm
Phalanges
- Finger bones
Pelvic Girdle
- Hip bone; contains acetabulum (socket) and cartilages
Male Pelvic Inlet
- Smaller, more narrow, heart-shaped
Female Pelvic Inlet
- Larger, wider
Patella
- Kneecap; protects the front of the knee and provides mechanical advantage to the quadriceps muscle (upwards of 50 times stronger)
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Description
This quiz covers the key components of the axial and appendicular skeletons, including their respective bones and functions. Learn about the skull's structure, including cranial and facial bones, and how they protect vital organs. Test your knowledge on the number and types of bones in the human body.
