Appendicular Skeleton

Questions and Answers

Name the bones of the axial skeleton.

Cranium (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid), face (maxillae, mandible, zygomatic bone, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, lacrimal bone, nasal bone), hyoid, teeth, vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx), thorax (sternum, ribs).

Name the bones of the appendicular skeleton.

Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula), upper extremity (humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), pelvic girdle (coxal: ilium, ischium, pubis), lower extremity (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges).

Name the bones that form the pectoral girdle.

Clavicle, scapula.

Explain how bones of the pectoral girdle articulate with each other.

Each pectoral girdle consists of a clavicle (anterior) and a scapula (posterior). They do not articulate with the vertebral column and are supported by large muscles. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the functions of the pectoral girdle.

Attach the bones of the free upper limbs to the axial skeleton. Signup and view all the answers

Indicate major bone markings of the bones of the pectoral girdle and upper limb.

Acromion, coracoid process, subscapular fossa, superior angle, superior border, scapular notch. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the bones of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand, including articulations.

Ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the articulations between the bones forming the pelvic girdle.

The hip bones unite anteriorly at the pubic symphysis, and posteriorly with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints. Signup and view all the answers

List the functions of the pelvic girdle.

Provides strong and stable support for the vertebral column and pelvic organs, connects the bones of the free lower limbs to the axial skeleton, and transfers forces from the lower limbs during locomotion. Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast male and female pelves.

Female: light and thin, oval obturator foramen, wide/oval pelvic brim, pubic arch > 90 degree angle. Male: heavy and thin, round obturator foramen, narrow/heart-shaped pelvic brim, pubic arch. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Axial Skeleton

Composed of cranium (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital, sphenoid, ethmoid) and facial bones (maxillae, mandible, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, inferior nasal concha, lacrimal, nasal)
Includes hyoid bone and teeth
Consists of vertebral column (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx) and thorax (sternum, ribs)

Contains pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula), upper extremity (humerus, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges), pelvic girdle (ilium, ischium, pubis), and lower extremity (femur, tibia, fibula, patella, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges)

Pectoral Girdle

Formed by clavicle (anterior) and scapula (posterior)
Pectoral girdles do not connect to the vertebral column and are supported by large muscles extending from the vertebral column and rib cage

Functions of the Pectoral Girdle

Attach free upper limbs to the axial skeleton, facilitating movement and support

Major Bone Markings of Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb

Key markings include acromion, coracoid process, subscapular fossa, superior angle, superior border, and scapular notch

Bones of the Upper Limb

Includes ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges, with specific articulations at joints facilitating movement

Pelvic Girdle Articulations

Hip bones join at the pubic symphysis anteriorly
Unite with the sacrum at the sacroiliac joints posteriorly

Functions of the Pelvic Girdle

Provides strong, stable support for the vertebral column, pelvic, and abdominal organs
Connects free lower limb bones to the axial skeleton and transfers forces during locomotion

Comparison of Male and Female Pelves

Female pelvis is light, thin, and has an oval obturator foramen and wide pelvic brim; pubic arch forms an angle greater than 90 degrees
Male pelvis is heavy, thin, with a round obturator foramen and narrow, heart-shaped pelvic brim; pubic arch forms a smaller angle

Description

Test your knowledge of the axial and appendicular skeleton through these lecture flashcards. Ideal for students studying anatomy, this quiz helps reinforce the names and functions of various bones in the human skeleton.