10 Questions
Which type of bone is responsible for protecting vital organs within the body?
Flat bones
Which type of bone is found in the limbs and provides structural support?
Long bones
During the process of $\text{ossification}$, what happens to the cartilage tissues?
They are hardened due to the deposition of inorganic minerals
What is the function of the fibro-cartilage found in the pubis symphysis?
To allow for expansion of the pubis during parturition
Which type of bone is characterized by its irregular shape and found in the vertebral column and pelvis?
Irregular bones
What is the main component of the hard bone material that surrounds the living osteocytes?
Collagen
Which type of bone is found in the hands and feet and is characterized by its cube-like shape?
Short bones
During embryonic development, what type of tissue is the skeleton initially made up of before being replaced by bone?
Cartilage
What is the main function of the bone marrow found within the hollow cavities of bones?
To produce blood cells
Which type of bone is characterized by its flat and thin shape and found in the skull and ribs?
Flat bones
Study Notes
Types of Bones
- Long bones: found in limbs, e.g. humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, ribs, and clavicles
- Short bones: largely made up of spongy tissues, covered externally by a thin coat of compact tissues, e.g. vertebral column, carpals, metacarpals, tarsal, metatarsals, phalanges, and patella
- Flat bones: thin and plate-like, e.g. bones of the skull, scapula, and ilium
- Irregular bones: peculiar in shape, structure, and function, e.g. three ear bones (malleus, incus, and stapes)
Skeleton
- Defined as a rigid framework of bones that provides support and shape to an organism
- 2 types of skeletons: hydrostatic and exoskeleton
- Hydrostatic skeleton: found in soft-bodied animals, provides support through fluid pressure, e.g. earthworms and anemones
- Exoskeleton: non-living material formed on the outside of an animal's body, e.g. insects and arthropods
Skull
- Made up of several flat bones joined by sutures
- Covers the brain and other vulnerable sense organs
- Main bones: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital bones
- Frontal bones: form the forehead
- Parietal bones: form the top and side walls of the cranium
- Temporal bones: form the sides of the cranium
- Occipital bone: forms the base of the cranium
- Foramen magnum: a large hole at the base of the occipital bone where the brain joins the spinal cord
Vertebral Column
- Consists of 33 small bones (vertebrae) placed end to end to form the backbone
- Main function: to protect the spinal cord
- Cartilage and bone provide attachment points for muscle tendons
- Fibro-cartilage in the pubis symphysis allows for expansion during parturition
Bone
- Hardest vertebrate tissue and a major component of the vertebrate skeleton
- Composed of osteocytes (living cells) surrounded by hard bone materials (collagen)
- Collagen contains inorganic minerals (calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate)
- Ossification: the process of cartilage transformation to bone through deposition of inorganic minerals
Test your knowledge of human anatomy bones with this quiz. Learn about the characteristics and examples of long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones.
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