Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of saturated fatty acids?
Which process requires energy to move substances across the cell membrane?
Which phase of mitosis involves the separation of chromosomes?
What term describes molecules that possess both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of tissue is responsible for movement?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new strands of DNA during replication?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of chondrocytes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of transport mechanism involves engulfing materials into the cell?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes gross anatomy from microscopic anatomy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of feedback mechanism amplifies changes in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which level of organization is made up of different tissues working together?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four basic requirements for human life?
Signup and view all the answers
In anatomical position, how is the body oriented?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following defines the sagittal plane?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the difference between anabolism and catabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
What describes an ionic bond?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Gross vs. Microscopic Anatomy
- Gross anatomy studies structures visible to the naked eye, like organs and systems.
- Microscopic anatomy examines structures at the cellular level, like tissues and cells.
Physiology
- Physiology explores the functions of living organisms and their parts.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment, essential for optimal functioning.
- Negative feedback mechanisms counteract changes to maintain stability, like regulating body temperature.
- Positive feedback mechanisms amplify changes, like during blood clotting.
Organizational Levels
- Cells are the fundamental units of life.
- Tissues are groups of similar cells working together for a specific function.
- Organs are structures composed of different tissues collaborating for a common purpose.
- Systems are collections of organs working together to achieve a larger goal.
Metabolism
- Anabolism involves the building up of molecules through synthesis.
- Catabolism breaks down molecules via degradation.
Requirements for Human Life
- Temperature, atmospheric pressure, nutrients, and oxygen are crucial for human survival.
Anatomical Position
- Anatomical position refers to the body standing upright, facing forward with arms at sides and palms facing forward.
Directional Terms
- Anterior refers to the front of the body.
- Posterior describes the back of the body.
- Superior indicates a position above or higher than another.
- Inferior indicates a position below or lower than another.
Planes of the Body
- Sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections.
- Transverse plane divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
- Frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.
Chemistry Basics
- Atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom, defining the element.
- Atomic weight is the average weight of an element's isotopes.
- Isotopes are variants of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons between atoms.
- Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons between atoms.
Macromolecules
- Triglycerides (TAGs) are lipids composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
- Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms.
- Unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds between carbon atoms.
Cell Membrane
- Hydrophilic regions are water-attracting.
- Hydrophobic regions are water-repelling.
- Amphipathic molecules have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts.
Transport Mechanisms
- Passive transport moves substances down their concentration gradient without using energy.
- Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure.
- Endocytosis involves engulfing materials to bring them into the cell.
- Exocytosis expels materials from the cell.
DNA and RNA
-
DNA replication copies DNA:
- Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix.
- Polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands.
- RNA plays a vital role in protein synthesis.
- Transcription synthesizes mRNA from DNA.
- Translation synthesizes proteins from mRNA.
Cell Cycle
-
Mitosis is the process of cell division:
- Prophase: Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
- Metaphase: Chromosomes align in the center of the cell.
- Anaphase: Chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.
- Telophase: The nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes.
Tissue Types
- Four primary types of tissue:
- Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines cavities.
- Connective tissue supports and binds other tissues (includes bone, blood, adipose tissue).
- Muscle tissue enables movement (includes skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle).
- Nervous tissue transmits impulses for communication (includes neurons and neuroglia).
Connective Tissue
- Matrix is the extracellular material providing structural support.
- Fibers include collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers.
-
Cells include:
- Fibroblasts produce fibers and ground substance.
- Adipocytes store fat.
- Chondrocytes are cells found in cartilage.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz covers essential concepts in human anatomy and physiology, including the distinction between gross and microscopic anatomy, the importance of homeostasis, and the organizational levels of life. Test your knowledge on how these systems maintain the functions of living organisms.
