Psychopharmacology
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of dendrites in a neuron?

  • Transmit electrical signals to other neurons
  • Regenerate action potentials
  • Protect the neuron from damage
  • Integrate and receive information from other cells (correct)
  • How does a thick myelin sheath affect the conduction speed of an axon?

  • It increases the risk of ion leakage
  • It reduces the time needed for action potential generation
  • It decreases the efficiency of the electrical signal
  • It improves insulation, allowing faster conduction (correct)
  • What is the function of the Nodes of Ranvier in relation to myelinated axons?

  • They produce neurotransmitters
  • They increase the number of synaptic vesicles
  • They shrink the distance between axon terminals
  • They serve as points for action potential regeneration (correct)
  • Which type of neuron structure is primarily responsible for transmitting signals away from the neuron?

    <p>Axon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to dendritic spines during prolonged synaptic activity?

    <p>They can change size and shape rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of receptors located on cell membrane proteins?

    <p>Act as sites for neurotransmitter binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of increased insulation from a thicker myelin sheath?

    <p>Reduced need for signal regeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ion channels and transporters function within the cell membrane?

    <p>They facilitate the movement of charged molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what week after conception does neurogenesis begin?

    <p>Week 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant event occurs during the 23rd prenatal week?

    <p>Connections between neurons begin to form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many neurons are typically present at birth?

    <p>100 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the central nervous system begin as during development?

    <p>Neural tube</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are animal models used in behavioral pharmacology research?

    <p>They allow for rigorous control of living conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes neuropsychopharmacology?

    <p>Understanding the role of neurochemicals in behavior and mood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which techniques are essential for assessing the CNS in neuropharmacology?

    <p>Multiple neurobiological techniques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do behavioral measures play in the context of neuropsychopharmacology?

    <p>They help to understand neurochemical basis and drug impacts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does operant conditioning primarily involve?

    <p>Animal learns a response to achieve rewards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a fixed-ratio schedule, reinforcement is provided after what?

    <p>A fixed number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are analgesic drugs expected to do in the context of operant analgesia testing?

    <p>Raise the aversive threshold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the tail-flick test measure in animal studies?

    <p>Pain response to heat stimulus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of training an animal to press a lever to turn off a foot shock?

    <p>To learn negative reinforcement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does effective spatial memory in a radial arm maze indicate?

    <p>The animal remembers previous visits to arms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can drugs influence animal behavior in maze tests?

    <p>By altering memory or behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding reinforcement schedules in operant conditioning?

    <p>Fixed-ratio schedules provide reinforcement after a set number of responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do receptor antagonists play in ligand-receptor interactions?

    <p>They prevent active ligands from binding to the receptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do partial agonists behave compared to full agonists?

    <p>They have lower efficacy than full agonists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does a competitive antagonist have on the EC50 of an agonist?

    <p>It shifts the EC50 value higher, decreasing potency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes noncompetitive antagonists from competitive antagonists?

    <p>Noncompetitive antagonists reduce the effect without competition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the maximum effect (Emax) of an agonist in the presence of a competitive antagonist?

    <p>It remains unchanged but requires a higher dose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ligand binding to a receptor influence the receptor?

    <p>It initiates a series of intracellular events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Full agonists, such as natural neurotransmitters, are characterized by their ability to:

    <p>Initiate the maximum biological response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of increasing neurotransmitter synthesis on synaptic function?

    <p>It enhances synaptic function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does TH play in catecholamine synthesis?

    <p>TH determines the overall rate of DA or NE synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high catecholamine level affect TH activity?

    <p>It inhibits TH, reducing catecholamine synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which precursor is known to increase catecholamine synthesis?

    <p>L-DOPA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of VMAT in catecholaminergic neurons?

    <p>To recognize and transport monoamines into vesicles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral activation is associated with increased catecholamine release?

    <p>Increased locomotor activity leading to stereotyped behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of autoreceptor stimulation on catecholamine release?

    <p>It inhibits the release of catecholamines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs to catecholamines after their release into the synaptic cleft?

    <p>They can be repackaged or broken down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does α-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) have on catecholamine synthesis?

    <p>It blocks TH and prevents catecholamine synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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